[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":380},["ShallowReactive",2],{"header-nav-data":3,"related-news":269,"news-spectral-and-chemical-analysis-on-pink-green-bicolor-tourmaline":374},{"reports":4,"labs":108,"courses":226},[5,35,54,72,90],{"id":6,"slug":7,"name":8,"name_zh":9,"tagline":10,"tagline_zh":11,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":14,"created_at":15,"last_updated_at":16,"available_categories":17,"available_locations":21,"images":26},5,"guild-folio","GUILD FOLIO","高级报告","FOLIO Report is a professionally profound and uniquely insightful gemological document, meticulously bespoke for collector-grade jewelry and presented as a premium, book-bound masterpiece within an elegant gift box.","FOLIO 报告是一份具有专业深度和独特见解的宝石学报告，为收藏级珠宝精心定制，并以高级精装书卷的形式呈现在优雅的礼盒中。",null,true,70,"2026-02-06T11:31:22","2026-03-30T17:25:34",[18,19,20],"colored-stones","feicui","pearl",[22,23,24,25],"china-mainland","thailand","sri-lanka","hongkong",[27,31],{"id":28,"image_url":29,"image_type":30},10,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b85464b6-14f4-4346-8fe3-4fbb30faf542.png","transparent_clean_shot",{"id":32,"image_url":33,"image_type":34},16,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1aadc859-3c3f-43cc-80ac-318a4d52b457.jpg","atmospheric_contextual",{"id":36,"slug":37,"name":38,"name_zh":39,"tagline":40,"tagline_zh":41,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":43,"last_updated_at":44,"available_categories":45,"available_locations":46,"images":47},1,"standard-report","Standard Report","常规检测报告","Standard Report provides a versatile diagnostic framework for all colored gemstone varieties, delivering critical data on identification, treatment status, and color grading to establish a comprehensive profile for every specimen.","常规报告为彩色宝石品种提供了一个多功能的鉴定框架，提供关于鉴定、优化处理和颜色分级的关键数据，为每一颗标本建立全面的档案。",50,"2026-02-06T11:07:09","2026-03-30T17:18:27",[18,19],[23,24,25,22],[48,51],{"id":49,"image_url":50,"image_type":30},13,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/72303f7d-3498-4f8f-b084-dfdd23a8cb88.png",{"id":52,"image_url":53,"image_type":34},14,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b3bbc130-04c4-477f-81d9-512ba6491353.jpg",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"name_zh":58,"tagline":59,"tagline_zh":60,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":62,"last_updated_at":63,"available_categories":64,"available_locations":65,"images":66},3,"pearl-grading-report","Pearl Grading Report","珍珠分级鉴定报告","It offers a comprehensive gemological analysis for all pearl categories, featuring a structured four-part layout—Certificate Information, Pearl Information, Identification Details, and Key Conclusions—to cover every essential detail for buyers.","该报告为所有珍珠类别提供全面的宝石学分析，采用结构化的四部分布局——证书信息、珍珠信息、检测细节和关键结论——涵盖消费者关注的每一个核心细节。",30,"2026-02-06T11:25:33","2026-03-30T17:22:39",[20],[22],[67,69],{"id":6,"image_url":68,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6d3b2d1-cdd9-42dd-be4d-75ded1bfae09.jpg",{"id":70,"image_url":71,"image_type":30},6,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6c4c7330-51e8-4b2e-af46-f217e3a6e0e5.png",{"id":73,"slug":74,"name":75,"name_zh":76,"tagline":77,"tagline_zh":78,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":80,"last_updated_at":81,"available_categories":82,"available_locations":83,"images":84},2,"dossier-report","Dossier Report","Dossier报告","Dossier Report is a streamlined gemological document specifically engineered for colored stones under one carat, offering highly efficient identification, color grading, and origin determination across all gemstone varieties.","Dossier 报告是专为一克拉以下的彩色宝石设计的精简版宝石证书，为各类宝石提供高效的鉴定、颜色分级和产地鉴定服务。",25,"2026-02-06T11:22:28","2026-03-30T17:21:00",[18],[22,23,24,25],[85,87],{"id":55,"image_url":86,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/77d5bd95-75cd-423d-aea9-0f276bee3e61.jpg",{"id":88,"image_url":89,"image_type":30},4,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bfca818a-3561-4679-8b22-e1da9bf98dd5.png",{"id":70,"slug":91,"name":92,"name_zh":93,"tagline":94,"tagline_zh":95,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":97,"last_updated_at":98,"available_categories":99,"available_locations":100,"images":101},"prestige-report","Prestige Report","尊享报告","GUILD Prestige Report is a sophisticated gemological document tailored for high-end colored stones and pearls, offering a deep-dive analysis of a gemstone’s aesthetic dimensions and providing a unique, individualized evaluation for every specimen.","GUILD 尊享报告是为高端彩色宝石和珍珠量身定制的高级宝石报告，提供对宝石美学维度的深度分析，并为每一件标本提供独特的个体化评价。",20,"2026-02-06T11:33:19","2026-03-30T17:47:36",[18,19],[22,23,24,25],[102,105],{"id":103,"image_url":104,"image_type":34},11,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/10ac604a-d1c2-49f4-bafe-24ada49cfaa0.jpg",{"id":106,"image_url":107,"image_type":30},12,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3fd95c04-17fe-40e1-a57e-181f838d6211.png",[109,129,147,162,178,194,209],{"id":36,"lab_id":110,"name":111,"name_zh":112,"city":113,"city_zh":114,"country":115,"country_zh":116,"address":117,"address_zh":117,"phone":118,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":121,"city_image_url":122,"interior_images":123,"is_published":13,"sort_order":126,"created_at":127,"last_updated_at":128},"sri-lanka-laboratory","Sri Lanka Laboratory","斯里兰卡实验室","Beruwala","贝鲁瓦拉","Sri Lanka","斯里兰卡","3/4/5/6 Floor, Zam Gems Building, 44/1, Sheik Fassy Mawatha, China Fort, Beruwala, Sri Lanka","+0094 342214443","info@guildgemlab.com","","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbf95b5c-699a-4aa1-9e2e-37650d1df384.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/07415349-1198-4c45-b855-1c0baf069e4b.png",[124,125],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1ecc8af1-f6b1-406d-9c56-f232e1606e3c.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0be76daf-5ca6-47ac-88e8-3e1405d5c35b.png",60,"2026-03-10T17:00:14","2026-03-17T16:57:14",{"id":70,"lab_id":130,"name":131,"name_zh":132,"city":133,"city_zh":134,"country":135,"country_zh":136,"address":137,"address_zh":138,"phone":139,"email":140,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":141,"city_image_url":142,"interior_images":143,"is_published":13,"sort_order":144,"created_at":145,"last_updated_at":146},"bangkok-laboratory","Bangkok Laboratory","曼谷实验室","Bangkok","曼谷","Thailand","泰国","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Si Lom Rd, Silom, Bang Rak, Bangkok, Thailand","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Silom road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, Thailand., 10500","+66 (0) 21265408","fangjuan@guildgemlab.com","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/92c49c5b-75c7-4adf-ae2b-fdf21b930dec.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2b1c353d-5f67-42a3-814a-8337de6f70e1.jpg",[],35,"2026-03-10T17:14:49","2026-03-16T16:44:33",{"id":73,"lab_id":148,"name":149,"name_zh":150,"city":151,"city_zh":152,"country":153,"country_zh":154,"address":155,"address_zh":155,"phone":156,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":157,"city_image_url":158,"interior_images":159,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":160,"last_updated_at":161},"los-angeles-laboratory","Los Angeles Laboratory","洛杉矶实验室","Los Angeles","洛杉矶","United States","美国","550 South Hill Street, Suite 1188, Los Angeles, CA90013, USA","+1 2136240137","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ea476e65-bb43-4ce4-8189-133c794a861a.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6153020-c94c-4bcc-9df9-0fc39e5d9fd2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:01:22","2026-03-17T16:57:45",{"id":55,"lab_id":163,"name":164,"name_zh":165,"city":166,"city_zh":167,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":170,"address_zh":171,"phone":172,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":173,"city_image_url":174,"interior_images":175,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":176,"last_updated_at":177},"hong-kong-laboratory","Hong Kong Laboratory","香港实验室","Hong Kong","香港","China","中国","Flat 512B,Fu Hang Industrial Building, 1 Hok Yuen Street East, Hung Hom, Kowloon City District, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","香港九龙城区红磡鹤园东街1号富恒工业大厦512B室","+852 59751280","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a8009f44-a00a-406c-9a76-b690abb00f16.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e69f75d5-665f-4536-82ce-3590737f11d2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:05:06","2026-03-19T09:42:21",{"id":88,"lab_id":179,"name":180,"name_zh":181,"city":182,"city_zh":183,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":184,"address_zh":185,"phone":186,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":187,"city_image_url":188,"interior_images":189,"is_published":13,"sort_order":191,"created_at":192,"last_updated_at":193},"shenzhen-laboratory","Shenzhen Laboratory","深圳实验室","Shenzhen","深圳","Room 3C08, Addcon Building, Shuibei 1st Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China","深圳市 罗湖区 翠竹街道 翠锦社区 翠竹路 2099号 爱得康大厦 三层 C08","+86 4008866175","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbe15c7b-ced1-41e2-bd1e-ce12300e662b.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d0f51c46-8cdf-4505-a1b5-e75ec1cdb561.jpg",[190],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/f215d30f-ea6c-4b5f-beb6-793cffbcf0ca.png",23,"2026-03-10T17:10:22","2026-03-17T17:29:01",{"id":6,"lab_id":195,"name":196,"name_zh":197,"city":198,"city_zh":199,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":200,"address_zh":201,"phone":202,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":203,"city_image_url":204,"interior_images":205,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":207,"last_updated_at":208},"zhuji-laboratory","Zhuji Laboratory","诸暨实验室","Zhuji","诸暨","Rooms B0419-B0421,  Building B04,  Phase 1 Market,  East China International Jewelry City,  Shanxiahu Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","浙江省 绍兴市 诸暨市 山下湖镇 华东国际珠宝城一期市场 B04栋 B0419-B0421","+86 133 0231 0256","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6778c28-4699-4fce-82ad-4fea005d3404.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6bd5b54f-9299-4218-9e48-5fb50140a83d.jpg",[206],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ab2a559d-a0bb-4272-bed5-d9616e921a0d.png","2026-03-10T17:12:13","2026-03-20T15:25:06",{"id":210,"lab_id":211,"name":212,"name_zh":213,"city":214,"city_zh":215,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":216,"address_zh":217,"phone":218,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":219,"city_image_url":220,"interior_images":221,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":224,"last_updated_at":225},7,"guangzhou-laboratory","Guangzhou Laboratory","广州实验室","Guangzhou","广州","Room 4095, Blue Port International Jewelry Trade Center, No. 300 Kangwang Middle Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","广州市 荔湾区 康王中路 蓝港（国际）珠宝交易中心 4楼 4095","+86 181 3828 3849","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3f79c542-bf42-4dff-b1de-7d5281f42555.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/43c9bae4-82b4-4c55-a39f-20f96ff606be.jpg",[222,223],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/c4d31919-3230-42a9-9fab-e00775bc93d2.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d69902ea-0d71-4d3c-bbfd-72bfe1f19057.jpg","2026-03-10T17:19:56","2026-03-20T17:41:24",[227,238,250,259],{"id":36,"slug":228,"level":229,"title":230,"title_en":231,"subtitle":232,"subtitle_en":233,"image_url":234,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":236,"last_updated_at":237},"advanced-emerald-identification-and-evaluation","intermediate","祖母绿鉴定与评估课程","Emerald Identification and Evaluation","深入探索祖母绿的奥秘世界","Deep Dive into the Mystical World of Emeralds","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/k07Y_1761530161.jpg","6","2026-03-10T15:14:21","2026-03-30T11:07:34",{"id":239,"slug":240,"level":241,"title":242,"title_en":243,"subtitle":244,"subtitle_en":245,"image_url":246,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":247,"created_at":248,"last_updated_at":249},9,"ruby-and-sapphire-identification-and-evaluation","advanced","红宝石与蓝宝石鉴定与评估课程","Ruby and Sapphire Identification and Evaluation","掌握刚玉宝石的鉴定精髓","Master the Essence of Corundum Gemstone Identification","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/6TEe_1761529854.jpg",40,"2026-03-10T15:19:30","2026-03-30T11:27:47",{"id":73,"slug":251,"level":241,"title":252,"title_en":253,"subtitle":254,"subtitle_en":255,"image_url":256,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":257,"last_updated_at":258},"colored-stones-identification-and-evaluation","彩色宝石鉴定与评估课程","Colored Stones Identification and Evaluation","探索彩色宝石的璀璨世界","Explore the Brilliant World of Colored Gemstones","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/news/news-hero-header-image.jpg","2026-03-10T15:15:51","2026-03-30T11:29:55",{"id":210,"slug":260,"level":241,"title":261,"title_en":262,"subtitle":263,"subtitle_en":264,"image_url":265,"duration":266,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":267,"last_updated_at":268},"pearls-identification-and-evaluation","珍珠鉴定与评估课程","Pearls Identification and Evaluation","揭开珍珠的优雅密码","Unlock the Elegant Secrets of Pearls","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/VaLd_1761529495.jpg","4","2026-03-10T15:19:14","2026-03-30T11:31:40",[270,283,293,303,313,323,333,344,354,364],{"id":271,"slug":272,"content_type":273,"title":274,"title_en":275,"excerpt":276,"excerpt_en":277,"featured_image_url":278,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":281,"created_at":282},91,"spectral-and-chemical-analysis-on-pink-green-bicolor-tourmaline","research","粉绿双色碧玺的光谱与化学分析研究","Spectral and Chemical Analysis on Pink-Green Bicolor Tourmaline","粉绿双色碧玺的光谱与化学分析研究 ——揭示碧玺颜色成因的多维度研究 碧玺是自然界中色彩最为丰富的宝石品种之一，几乎涵盖所有光谱颜色。其中，粉绿双色碧玺因在一颗宝石中同时展现粉色与绿色的奇妙组合，深受宝石爱好者和收藏家的青睐。GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室对17颗粉绿双色碧玺进行了系统的宝石学、光谱学和化学分析研究，旨在揭示其颜色变化的内在机制。  样品与研究方法 本研究选取了17颗刻面碧玺样品，总重1...","Spectral and Chemical Analysis of Pink-Green Bicolor Tourmaline HUANG Tiantian, GAO Yujie Abstract: Seventeen pink-green bicolored tourmaline samples were studied by standard gemological testing, Four...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/db63c1e7-78a0-4bd0-bcf8-b1766c58098f.jpg","center",false,"2026-07-06T13:51:58","2026-07-06T04:26:00",{"id":284,"slug":285,"content_type":273,"title":286,"title_en":287,"excerpt":288,"excerpt_en":289,"featured_image_url":290,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":291,"created_at":292},93,"a-pink-sapphire-with-questionable-heat-treatment","检测案例报告-粉色蓝宝热处理判定","A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment","检测案例报告：一颗大克拉粉色蓝宝石的热处理判定分析 近期我们收到一颗大克拉的粉色蓝宝石，并对其开展了系统性的检测。检测过程中，我们发现了一些具有争议性的特征，使该样品成为一个非常典型的案例，可用于进一步加深对蓝宝石“是否经过热处理”判断标准的理解与阐释。 我们首先进行了常规的宝石学测试，包括反射红外光谱确认其为蓝宝石，从而确定了矿物种类；随后通过透射红外光谱对其氢氧根（OH⁻）相关吸收峰进行观察，...","A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment A pink sapphire weighing over 20 ct was recently submitted to Guild Gem Laboratories, and it presented a particularly challenging case for the determin...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2428f9d3-11cb-4ca0-99cd-564522aaee2a.jpg","2026-07-06T14:10:30","2026-07-05T21:58:00",{"id":294,"slug":295,"content_type":273,"title":296,"title_en":297,"excerpt":298,"excerpt_en":299,"featured_image_url":300,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":301,"created_at":302},92,"bicoloured-jadeite-omphacite-jade-from-guatemala","危地马拉的双色翡翠","Bicoloured Jadeite-Omphacite Jade from Guatemala","危地马拉的双色翡翠 传统上，来自缅甸的硬玉-绿辉石玉（翡翠）在中国市场占据主导地位；不过近年来，危地马拉产翡翠受到越来越多关注。随着该产地材料质量和供应量不断提升，其市场份额也迅速扩大。已有研究表明，危地马拉翡翠主要由辉石族矿物硬玉（NaAlSi2O6）和/或绿辉石 [(Na,Ca,Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)(Si2O6)] 组成（Liu et al. 2024）。 近期，...","Bicoloured Jadeite-Omphacite Jade from Guatemala Traditionally, jadeite-omphacite jade (fei cui) from Myanmar prevails in the Chinese market, although in recent years material from Guatemala has drawn...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6f093c9c-dafd-4213-84dc-9fe80e1ccd93.jpg","2026-07-06T13:57:19","2026-07-05T13:52:00",{"id":304,"slug":305,"content_type":273,"title":306,"title_en":307,"excerpt":308,"excerpt_en":309,"featured_image_url":310,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":311,"created_at":312},89,"fayalite-inclusion-in-guatemalan-jadeite-omphacite-jade","危地马拉翡翠中的铁橄榄石包裹体","Fayalite Inclusion in Guatemalan Jadeite-Omphacite Jade","危地马拉翡翠中的铁橄榄石包裹体 在珠宝玉石的璀璨世界里，翡翠始终占据着举足轻重的地位，尤其在中国市场，其受欢迎程度经久不衰。近年来，来自危地马拉的翡翠更是异军突起，需求量攀升，成为众多消费者关注的焦点。 近日，GUILD宝石实验室收到了一枚翡翠吊坠，客户要求进行产地检测（图1）。这件翡翠货品颜色浓郁且均匀。拉曼测试结果显示，它属于硬玉和绿辉石的过渡相。在显微镜下进一步观察，其结构细腻，并散布着若干...","Fayalite Inclusion in Guatemalan Jadeite-Omphacite Jade  Figure 1: The jadeite-omphacite cabochon in this pendant (29.40 x 20.87 mm) was found to contain some interesting inclusions. Photo by Siqi Luo...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/47a6f875-e003-4bdf-8304-36b27605d1c6.jpg","2026-06-05T16:37:37","2026-06-04T16:28:00",{"id":314,"slug":315,"content_type":273,"title":316,"title_en":317,"excerpt":318,"excerpt_en":319,"featured_image_url":320,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":321,"created_at":322},90,"an-assembled-emerald-rough","一种人工复合祖母绿原石仿制品","An Assembled ‘Emerald’ Rough","一种人工复合祖母绿原石仿制品 新发现的宝石矿床总会在珠宝行业内引起极大的关注。最近，一块客户声称来自赞比亚新矿床的祖母绿原石样品被送至深圳吉尔德宝石实验室进行检测（图1）。经初步宏观观察，此样品在外观特征上与赞比亚祖母绿原石具有一定的相似性，可见绿色晶体与棕色层状云母矿物共生。依据地质学文献资料，赞比亚矿床内发育良好的祖母绿晶体通常分布于石英脉和金云母片岩的接触带区域。然而，宝石学家通过详细的显微...","An Assembled ‘Emerald’ Rough New gem discoveries invariably generate considerable interest within the industry. Recently, a specimen was submitted to Guild Gem Laboratories in Shenzhen as a purported ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1909ebd8-65a5-4bd9-aebe-265961a07724.jpg","2026-06-05T16:43:29","2026-06-04T08:39:00",{"id":324,"slug":325,"content_type":273,"title":326,"title_en":327,"excerpt":328,"excerpt_en":329,"featured_image_url":330,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":331,"created_at":332},88,"advanced-instrumentation-for-identifying-sugar-acid-treated-opal","检测糖酸处理欧泊的新型方法","Advanced Instrumentation for Identifying Sugar-Acid-Treated Opal","检测糖酸处理欧泊的新型方法          在宝石交易市场中，黑欧泊因为其深色背景会使变彩现象显得更加突出而被人们更为追捧。为了模仿这种天然的深色，人们会采用糖酸处理和烟熏处理来加深浅色欧泊的体色。除用于白欧泊外，糖酸处理最常见于孔隙较强的材料，例如澳大利亚安达穆卡（Andamooka）产的脉石欧泊(Brown 1991; Hsu & Kennedy 2022)，以及埃塞俄比亚产的hydroph...","Advanced Instrumentation for Identifying Sugar-Acid-Treated Opal Black opal is commonly more highly valued than white opal because the dark background makes the play-of-colour appear more prominent. T...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/eb8ef793-022b-405a-8aa8-ee12ae45345c.JPG","2026-06-05T16:30:14","2026-05-31T04:19:00",{"id":334,"slug":335,"content_type":336,"title":337,"title_en":338,"excerpt":339,"excerpt_en":340,"featured_image_url":341,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":342,"created_at":343},73,"guild-gem-laboratories-zhuji-newly-upgraded","news","“鸿运新启，璀璨生辉”GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室（诸暨）焕新启幕","GUILD Gem Laboratories (Zhuji) Newly Upgraded","2026年3月20日，GUILD吉尔德诸暨实验室于山下湖华东国际珠宝城B0419-B0421正式焕新启幕，自2023年诸暨实验室成立至如今全新启幕，GUILD吉尔德持续深化与布局全球化品牌策略，稳步推进全球市场化进程。同时，GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室（诸暨）亦开启新一轮序章。  启幕仪式在跃动的灵狮舞动中拉开序幕，醒狮随《光影共舞》的音乐威然跃现，GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室总裁 Ruby Liu ...","On March 20, 2026, GUILD Gem Laboratories (Zhuji) officially celebrated the grand reopening of its newly upgraded facility at B0419–B0421, East China International Jewelry City, Shanxiahu. Since the e...","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/new/98e2d045-7ca4-43e2-b225-ed71a2ae3d9a.jpg","2026-03-31T11:28:18","2026-03-29T20:00:00",{"id":345,"slug":346,"content_type":336,"title":347,"title_en":348,"excerpt":349,"excerpt_en":350,"featured_image_url":351,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":352,"created_at":353},32,"education-in-action-guild-institute-brings-gemological-studies-to-life-at-hong-kong-show","以展促学丨GUILD吉尔德宝石学教育带队研学2026香港珠宝展","Education in Action: GUILD Institute Brings Gemological Studies to Life at Hong Kong Show","2026年3月，第12届香港国际钻石、宝石及珍珠展在香港亚洲国际博览馆（机场展馆）圆满举办，与香港会议展览中心的第42届香港国际珠宝展形成“两展两地”联动模式。作为全球宝石行业开年重要的商贸与交流平台，本届展会汇聚了全球各地源头矿商、知名珠宝企业与行业专业从业者，是宝石行业对接源头货源、掌握真实市场动态的重要渠道。  GUILD吉尔德宝石学教育精准把握展会的实战教学价值，组织20名学员组建研学团队...","In March 2026, the 12th Hong Kong International Diamond, Gem & Pearl Show was successfully held at the AsiaWorld-Expo (Airport Exhibition Hall), forming a 'two exhibitions, two venues' linkage model w...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/7a37161d-a18d-44b0-be46-56c164107191.jpg","2026-03-17T11:46:57","2026-03-15T11:46:00",{"id":355,"slug":356,"content_type":336,"title":357,"title_en":358,"excerpt":359,"excerpt_en":360,"featured_image_url":361,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":362,"created_at":363},54,"gem-sri-lanka-2026-at-colombo-shangri-la","Gem Sri Lanka 2026在斯里兰卡首都科伦坡香格里拉酒店成功举办!GUILD吉尔德作为铂金赞助商亮相，助力宝石产业蓬勃发展","Gem Sri Lanka 2026 at Colombo Shangri-La","1 月 7 日 - 9 日，Gem Sri Lanka 2026 在斯里兰卡首都科伦坡市中心的香格里拉酒店成功举办。斯里兰卡总理哈里尼・阿马拉苏里亚博士作为重磅来宾出席官方开幕仪式。从最初的行业专业展会发展至今，Gem Sri Lanka 已成长为具有里程碑意义的国际盛会。  Gem Sri Lanka 由斯里兰卡宝石与珠宝贸易协会（CGJTA）主办，协会拥有 2000 余名会员，覆盖贝鲁瓦拉、拉...","From January 7-9, Gem Sri Lanka 2026 was successfully held at the Shangri-La Hotel in the heart of Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Dr. Harini Amarasuriya, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, attended the ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/acf4fdd8-ed00-4c05-93ef-02be6b2d22ab.png","2026-03-20T14:35:06","2026-01-08T06:26:00",{"id":365,"slug":366,"content_type":273,"title":367,"title_en":368,"excerpt":369,"excerpt_en":370,"featured_image_url":371,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":372,"created_at":373},36,"exploring-the-origins-of-gemstone-names-language-geography-and-human-stories","当我们“呼唤”宝石时，我们在“呼唤”什么？","Exploring the Origins of Gemstone Names: Language, Geography, and Human Stories","聊起宝石，我们总是先被它的光泽与色彩所吸引。但当我们脱口而出“红宝石”“祖母绿”这些名字时，可曾想过，我们叫的这些名称到底是什么？它们又是怎么来的？是古人看到它时灵光一闪的灵感？还是地质发现者特意留下的纪念？抑或是跨洋贸易中流传下来的称谓？ 其实每颗宝石的名字都不简单，跨越时空，今天就让我们顺着这些线索，一起聊聊宝石名称里的那些小秘密 ~ 古老语言中的宝石密码 人类对宝石的命名，最早可追溯到文字诞...","When we \"call\" gemstones, what are we actually \"calling\"? When we speak of gemstones, we are first drawn to their luster and color. But when we casually utter names like \"Ruby\" or \"Emerald,\" have we e...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2d16d153-a83c-4fe9-9daf-6fdee2b96982.jpg","2026-03-18T10:38:35","2025-12-03T02:25:00",{"slug":272,"content_type_name":273,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"title":274,"content":375,"excerpt":276,"title_en":275,"content_en":376,"excerpt_en":277,"featured_image_url":278,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"published_at":281,"published_by_name":377,"authors":12,"venue":12,"paper_published_date":12,"citation":12,"paper_type":12,"last_updated_at":281,"last_updated_by_name":377,"id":271,"created_at":282,"is_deleted":280,"external_links":378,"attachments":379},"{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"lp5qywfd5\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"粉绿双色碧玺的光谱与化学分析研究\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"3swidlpjr\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"——揭示碧玺颜色成因的多维度研究\",\"level\":4}},{\"id\":\"bf7c431dd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"碧玺是自然界中色彩最为丰富的宝石品种之一，几乎涵盖所有光谱颜色。其中，粉绿双色碧玺因在一颗宝石中同时展现粉色与绿色的奇妙组合，深受宝石爱好者和收藏家的青睐。GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室对17颗粉绿双色碧玺进行了系统的宝石学、光谱学和化学分析研究，旨在揭示其颜色变化的内在机制。\"}},{\"id\":\"767cbcd76\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/146845a1e9d2458295d5a8a916cde915.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图1 碧玺晶体可呈现从红、粉、黄到绿、蓝的全部颜色。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"0ab3906d8\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"样品与研究方法\"}},{\"id\":\"698b380de\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"本研究选取了17颗刻面碧玺样品，总重15.44克拉，单颗重量范围为0.48至1.77克拉。所有样品均为粉色与绿色组合的双色碧玺。研究团队使用标准宝石学仪器、TENSOR Ⅱ型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、Gem-3000紫外-可见分光光度计及Spectro Midex型能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪（EDXRF）进行了全面检测。\"}},{\"id\":\"6ca7f474c\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/ff22252299864539be6dced05032a691.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图2 本研究使用的17颗样品。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"9e943fb43\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"宝石学特征\"}},{\"id\":\"817b227c1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"所有样品均显示出明显的粉色和绿色色区。粉色部分折射率为1.615-1.635，绿色部分为1.620-1.640，双折射率均为0.020。两部分均观察到二色性：粉色部分呈紫粉色与浅粉色，绿色部分呈黄绿色至蓝绿色。所有样品在长波荧光下均为惰性。\"}},{\"id\":\"c1b1e127c\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表1 本研究双色碧玺的一般宝石学性质\"}},{\"id\":\"ac49ed09f\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"颜色\",\"粉色\",\"绿色\"],[\"二色性\",\"紫粉色-浅粉色\",\"黄绿色-蓝绿色\"],[\"折射率\",\"1.615-1.635\",\"1.620-1.640\"],[\"双折射率\",\"0.020\",\"0.020\"],[\"光学特征\",\"U-\",\"U-\"],[\"荧光\",\"惰性\",\"惰性\"]]}},{\"id\":\"cf3ad236f\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"显微观察揭示了两部分截然不同的包裹体特征。绿色部分中发现含流体的长平行管状包裹体，而粉色部分则含有许多无色矿物晶体，在交叉偏光条件下显示干涉色。\"}},{\"id\":\"2743a697a\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/3f1fc44590c24d43be15be98f8a7c1ec.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图43双色碧玺绿色部分中含流体的长平行管状包裹体。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"1322a0a34\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/9e767afd1f064b72a9d82598b3798f9b.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图4 粉色部分含无色矿物晶体\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"0299a763f\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/4349d756d3cf43f0998b19772945a2ec.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图5 粉色部分含无色矿物晶体，在交叉偏光下显示干涉色（下）。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"57d03cd03\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"红外光谱分析\"}},{\"id\":\"d5eb5bb52\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"反射FTIR光谱测试表明，粉色和绿色部分的指纹区图谱高度相似，均在504、715、790、992、1114 cm⁻¹处有显著峰。透射FTIR光谱从平行c轴（E∥c）和垂直c轴（E ⊥ c）两个方向采集，结果显示明显的方向性差异：E∥c方向在4342、4435、4537和4579 cm⁻¹处检测到四个强峰，当方向变为E ⊥ c时，后三个峰明显减弱。这一特征有助于深入理解碧玺的结构OH及包裹体信息。\"}},{\"id\":\"5edde5d89\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/7007213850a846b28dc06d6b20f11e0b.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图6 双色碧玺FTIR指纹光谱，红线代表粉色部分，绿线代表绿色部分。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"bdb9fb1c2\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/f43464b5336c4c6086c3d208dba3930d.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图7 双色碧玺定向FTIR透射光谱，分别沿平行c轴和垂直c轴两个方向采集。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"56e74a575\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"紫外-可见光谱分析\"}},{\"id\":\"258e349ec\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"UV-Vis光谱清晰地揭示了颜色成因。粉色部分在511 nm处有突出的Mn³⁺吸收带，吸收了大部分蓝色和绿色可见光，同时Fe相关峰对橙红色光影响甚微，因此呈现粉色。绿色部分在715 nm处有明显的Fe²⁺宽吸收带，吸收了大部分红色光，仅在560 nm处有极弱的Mn²⁺吸收，从而呈现绿色。\"}},{\"id\":\"4d14de4bc\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/822d17a73b714725bc6635b6ae2bd1a5.jpg\",\"caption\":\"图8 双色碧玺非偏振UV-Vis光谱，红线代表粉色部分，绿线代表绿色部分。\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"92d53b2cf\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"化学成分分析\"}},{\"id\":\"1r75smxjb\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0f33ff1f-7fd1-4c98-b5ba-6779785b1202.png\",\"caption\":\"图9：粉色和绿色区域Fe/Mn 比值\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"887aeda12\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"EDXRF化学分析重点关注了Mn和Fe两种关键致色元素。结果表明，所有样品中粉色部分的Fe/Mn比值（Pink Fe/Mn）均远低于绿色部分（Green Fe/Mn）。这意味着粉色区域Mn相对富集而Fe含量低，绿色区域则相反。此外，绿色部分的Zn含量普遍高于粉色区域，平均Zn绿/Zn粉比值为6.74。未检测到明显的铜含量，Cr含量普遍较低，不足以产生绿色。\"}},{\"id\":\"c637dc299\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"研究结论\"}},{\"id\":\"220f67d6b\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"本研究通过多维度分析方法，揭示了粉绿双色碧玺的颜色成因：Mn和Fe是主要致色因子。粉色部分以Mn³⁺吸收为主导，绿色部分以Fe²⁺吸收为主导，两者在同一晶体中的梯度分布形成了迷人的双色效果。此外，粉色和绿色部分在折射率、包裹体特征方面也存在显著差异。未来研究将采用拉曼光谱进一步分析包裹体及管内流体，并深入探索微量元素的梯度分布与颜色变化之间的关系。\"}}]}","{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"2bvw9ckav\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Spectral and Chemical Analysis of Pink-Green Bicolor Tourmaline\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"0aae95ee3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"HUANG Tiantian, GAO Yujie\"}},{\"id\":\"951d82574\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Abstract: Seventeen pink-green bicolored tourmaline samples were studied by standard gemological testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and chemical analysis by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. All the samples exhibited both pink and green colors in various ratios. The refractive index of the pink part was 1.615–1.635, while that of the green part was 1.620–1.640. The Fourier transform infrared spectra showed prominent peaks at 4342, 4435, 4537, and 4579 cm⁻¹ along the E∥c direction. The last three peaks become weak in the E⊥c direction. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of pink part showed a strong Mn-related peak at 511 nm, while the green part showed a Fe-related band at 715 nm. Chemical analysis showed a lower Fe/Mn ratio in the pink part and a higher one in the green part.\"}},{\"id\":\"ac37a2bf9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Key Words: bicolored tourmaline; fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; chemical analysis\"}},{\"id\":\"622abc852\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Tourmaline is a colorful gem species that can produce almost all spectrum colors. Mineralogically, tourmaline represents a series of minerals with a common chemical formula of XY₃Z₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃V₃W. Most compositional variability occurs at the X, Y, Z, W, and V sites [1]. The chemical and crystalline complexities give rise to the fancy colors and the varieties of tourmaline, making it a unique gem species in the trade.\"}},{\"id\":\"48f36c072\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/baeaca3b028c427fa8e6dc38e3c0f270.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.1 Tourmaline crystals can bear all the colors ranging from red, pink, yellow to green and blue. Photo by Keily Deng.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"8c33f02ed\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Pink to red color tourmaline is appraised as rubellite in the trade owing to their similarity to ruby. A recent study also reports Mn-bearing pink-red tourmaline from Madagascar[2]. Some greenish-blue color tourmalines may exhibit an intense neon visual appearance, which can be attributed to a trace of copper, and they are called Paraiba tourmaline. The neon effect distinguishes Paraiba tourmaline from others, and they demand a high price in the trade. The auction houses keep refreshing the record price of Paraiba in recent years. Previous research has conducted a systematic study decoding the mystery of Paraiba[3-5]. One of the most mesmerizing things about tourmaline is the multiples color tourmaline, containing several kinds of color in one single gemstone. Liddicoatite is a calcium-rich lithium tourmaline. Moreover, it usually exhibited remarkable polychrome and varied geometric patterns, which were described in detail by Dirlam[6].\"}},{\"id\":\"87e836daf\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Since 2010, the color stone market in China has increased tremendously; the end customer starts to purchase tourmaline and tanzanite for jewelry. Large retailers such as Chow Tai Seng, a promoting the color stones through advertising, the trade media, and celebrity endorsement [7]. High-quality red color tourmaline (rubellite) and bi-colored are coveted by gem dealers and collectors. However, But the market’s enthusiasm for tourmaline began to decrease in around 2013-2014, replaced by ruby, sapphire and emerald. Recently, due to various reasons the COVID-19 and unstable sitations in the gem mines, the wave of tourmaline is likely recovering. However, the gemological properties have not well known to the public.\"}},{\"id\":\"db4773949\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"In this study, the authors have conducted a series of the testing method to further our understanding of the color continuation and variation of the pink-green bi-colored tourmaline. We will demonstrate our results and discuss the mechanism with the previous study as well.\"}},{\"id\":\"cd58851ac\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/0f3942d979904555ab46a824c73d2872.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.2 High-quality bicolored tourmalines are coveted by the gem dealers and connoisseurs in the trade. Photo by Keily Deng.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"c3ada4de1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"1 Samples and methods\"}},{\"id\":\"dc07b55aa\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"In this study, a parcel of seventeen faceted tourmalines was investigated by gemological, spectroscopic, and chemical methods. These samples are all bicolored as a combination of pink and green colors. Each sample was weighted with the total weight being 15.44 carats, ranging from 0.48 to 1.77 ct.\"}},{\"id\":\"efcc8fbfb\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/dddbcf8c0d5341aebdf22bbeb01e2843.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.3 Seventeen samples were investigated by various methods in this study. Photo by Huixin Zhao\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"4f8f1ed37\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Gemological characteristics were studies by standard instruments. A refractometer with a near-sodium equivalent light source was used to measure refractive indices (R.I.). Fluorescence was observed under 365 nm long-wave and 254 nm short-wave U.V lights in a dark room. Inclusions were studied with an 80× magnification gemological microscope with Leica optics, equipped with different lighting sources. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on a TENSOR Ⅱ FTIR spectrometer equipped with a KBr beam splitter and RT-DLaTGS detector. The spectra were recorded in the 400-2,000 cm⁻¹ range with a spectral resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ and 8 scans at 7.5 kHz scanning speed. UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded in the 200–1000 nm range using a Gem-3000 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.\"}},{\"id\":\"f70646f04\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The chemical composition analyses were performed on a Spectro Midex type energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) equipped with calculating software X-LabPro 5, using a Ta target with the spot size of 2 mm. The machine was calibrated by MCA(Multi-Channel Analysis) with a reference material supplied by the equipment supplier. The Modified RoHS+Bigspot method was used at an acceleration voltage of 19 KV and a beam current of 0.30 mA for Al, Si, K, Ca; while 48 kV, 0.60 mA for elements Ti, V, Cr, and Fe. Each sample was tested 2-3 points for accuracy.\"}},{\"id\":\"6a145849b\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2 Results and discussion\"}},{\"id\":\"9cdd4090b\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.1 Gemological Properties\"}},{\"id\":\"efc321068\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"All the samples show distinct color sections of pink and green, usually with light to medium saturation and medium to high tone. Dichroism was observed in both parts, with the pink exhibiting purplish pink and light pink and the green part showing yellowish-green to bluish-green. All the samples were inert under long-wave fluorescence (365nm). The gemological properties are summarized in Table 1. Microscopic observation reveals contrasting scenarios in the pink and green parts. Distinct long parallel tubes containing fluids were only found in the green part. In contrast, the pink part usually contains many colorless mineral crystals, which show interference color under cross-polarized lightening conditions, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.\"}},{\"id\":\"1063d7e43\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 1 General Gemological Properties of Bicolor Tourmaline in this study\"}},{\"id\":\"a5a05e554\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"Color\",\"Pink\",\"Green\"],[\"Dichroism\",\"Purplish Pink-Light Pink\",\"Yellowish Green-Bluish Green\"],[\"Refractive Index\",\"1.615-1.635\",\"1.620-1.640\"],[\"Birefringence\",\"0.020\",\"0.020\"],[\"Optical Character\",\"U-\",\"U-\"],[\"Fluorescence\",\"Inert\",\"Inert\"],[\"\",\"\",\"\"]]}},{\"id\":\"87c2846a6\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/f08c67d3b70340ad97fe82fee9b0418f.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.4 Distinct long parallel tubes containing fluids were only found in the green part of the bicolored in this study. Photo by Huixin Zhao\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"e669fe1e5\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/9853b651c94446bd9efd5388a72f243f.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"5580f3441\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/10c55247cd674844b251e3c4c0822e20.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.5 Free of long tubes, the pink part usually contains many colorless mineral crystals, which show interference color under cross-polarized lighting conditions. Photo by Huixin Zhao.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"fde3ab21d\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.2 FTIR Spectrum\"}},{\"id\":\"57e231b6f\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Both reflectance and transmission FTIR spectrum of all samples were collected. The reflectance spectrums were practiced on the pink and green parts separately. The results showed that these two parts generally show similar if not identical patterns, with prominent peaks at 504,715,790,992, 1114 cm⁻¹, accompanied by several small peaks at 597, 635, 1282 1360 cm⁻¹. A gentle shoulder was detected at 1039 cm-1, as shown in figure 6. No distinct differences in FTIR fingerprint were observed.\"}},{\"id\":\"d7f14b108\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/177b0255ff87453cb4e9cc2eeb10d345.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.6 The FTIR fingerprint spectrum of the bicolor tourmaline in this study, while the red line representing the pink color part and the green line for the green part accordingly. Illustrated by Candice Huang.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"b0e06b801\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/8dd560e845d844958d3edb574ae6d207.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.7 The orientated FTIR transmission spectrum of bicolor tourmaline is collected from two directions: parallel to the c- axis (E∥c) and perpendicular to the c-axis (E ⊥ c). Illustrated by Candice Huang\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"23b275db5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"As mentioned above, these samples all contain long parallel tubes. Since tourmaline is a trigonal three-fold ring silicate mineral, the tube can serve well as good indicators of the optical axis of the tourmaline host. To better understand the structural O.H. and other possible inclusions, we have recorded the transmission spectrum from two directions: parallel to the c- axis (E∥c) and perpendicular to the c-axis (E ⊥ c).\"}},{\"id\":\"954a9a312\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Generally, A series of small peaks between was detected in the 2400-3300 cm⁻¹ perpendicular to c-axis, while they almost disappeared and leaving only several, with an increasing peak at 3010 cm⁻¹ and two shoulders ate 3154 and 3258 cm⁻¹ in the E∥c direction. A noisy broad band centered at 3550 cm⁻¹ was tested in both directions, without a distinct difference. A similar situation happened to several tiny peaks at 4878, 5140, and 5197 cm⁻¹. In the parallel to c-axis direction, four prominent peaks were detected at 4342, 4435, 4537, and 4579 cm⁻¹. The last three become weak when the testing direction changes to perpendicular to the c-axis. A prominent peak at 6998 cm⁻¹ was tested in the E∥c direction, accompanied by two small peaks at 6747 and 7140 cm⁻¹; when the direction convert into E ⊥ c, the 6998 cm⁻¹ peaks decreased a little, and the other two increased accordingly.\"}},{\"id\":\"73b39af4a\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 2 Summary of the transmission FTIR spectrum features tested in two directions\"}},{\"id\":\"7785b4d10\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"Peaks/cm⁻¹\",\"(E∥c)\",\"(E⊥c)\"],[\"2577\",\"weak\",\"none\"],[\"2644\",\"weak\",\"none\"],[\"2721\",\"weak\",\"none\"],[\"2917\",\"weak\",\"none\"],[\"3010\",\"weak\",\"medium\"],[\"3154\",\"weak\",\"very weak\"],[\"3258\",\"very weak\",\"very weak\"],[\"4342\",\"strong\",\"strong\"],[\"4435\",\"strong\",\"weak\"],[\"4537\",\"strong\",\"weak\"],[\"4579\",\"strong\",\"weak\"],[\"4878\",\"weak\",\"Weak\"],[\"5140\",\"weak\",\"weak\"],[\"5197\",\"weak\",\"weak\"],[\"6747\",\"weak\",\"medium\"],[\"6698\",\"strong\",\"strong\"],[\"7140\",\"weak\",\"weak\"]]}},{\"id\":\"3c0ca0a0d\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.3 UV-Vis Spectrum\"}},{\"id\":\"8531a08e1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"UV-Vis spectroscope is a valuable tool to study the colors and their relevance with trace elements. We have collected two spectrums from each sample for all samples in this research, one from the pink part and another from the green part. Two representative spectrums were illustrated in figure 8, with the red line representing the pink color part and the green line for the green part accordingly. The prominent band centered at 511 nm in the pink part, a tiny peak accompanied nm at 450 nm, both originating from Mn³⁺[8]. The weak peak due to Cr³⁺ was positioned at 615nm, consistent with chrome tourmaline, and the 690nm peak due to Fe²⁺. Mn-related absorption takes away most of the blue and green part of the visible light, while the Fe-related peaks have little influence on the orange and red color part, thus, resulting in pink color. In the green part, by comparison, the distinct broadband centered at 715nm was caused by the Fe²⁺ absorbing most of the red color, with only a fragile band at 560 nm attributed to Mn²⁺[9]. Once again, these results prove UV-Vis as powerful to unveil the mysterious origin of color in a gemstone.\"}},{\"id\":\"7f64dfb0b\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/0a8f9dd574594f84bbe833953ca12bd6.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Fig.8 Unpolarized UV-Vis spectrum of the bicolor tourmaline in this study, with the red line representing the pink color part and the green line for the green part accordingly. Illustrated by Candice Huang.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"a54070ef9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.4 EDXRF Chemical Analysis\"}},{\"id\":\"4a9b8c98c\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Tourmaline is a very complex mineral, and abundant kind of elements are evolving in the crystalline structure. We have carefully selected four elements to discuss, of which Mn and Fe are most important. The results are present separately based on the pink and green regions in Table 3. No considerable copper was detected in these samples. Cr was generally at a deficient level, insufficient to give rise to green color. Although not directly responsible for coloration, Zn is generally higher in the green part than in the pink region, with an average Zngreen/Znpink=6.74. The interesting pattern among Mn and Fe were discovered, as shown in figure 9. The Fe/Mn content ratio in the pink part is designated as PinkFe/Mn, while green will be designated as GreenFe/Mn. Generally, all the samples show PinkFe/Mn much lower than GreenFe/Mn, except for No.2 and No.3 samples. These abnormal values found in No.2 and No.3 can be attributed to the relatively small area of pink and the large size of the testing beam of the EDXRF machine.\"}},{\"id\":\"4dvutyq5i\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/5e18dad6-1a5d-458c-8a20-75fb28f0a850.png\",\"caption\":\"Figure  9. The Fe/Mn ratio of pink and green parts in seventeen samples in this study.\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"af797bbe7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 3 Chemical Compositions of Bicolor Tourmaline by EDXRF\"}},{\"id\":\"c14cf010a\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"Sample No.\",\"Pink\",\"Green\"],[\"\",\"Fe\",\"Mn\",\"Cr\",\"Zn\",\"Fe/Mn\",\"Fe\",\"Mn\",\"Cr\",\"Zn\",\"Fe/Mn\"],[\"NO.1\",\"1,042\",\"1,337\",\"35\",\"196\",\"0.78\",\"31,240\",\"17,370\",\"44\",\"211\",\"1.80\"],[\"NO.2\",\"14,480\",\"6,167\",\"39\",\"101\",\"2.35\",\"30,440\",\"17,370\",\"55\",\"150\",\"1.75\"],[\"NO.3\",\"12,470\",\"6,152\",\"27\",\"96\",\"2.03\",\"17,510\",\"8,764\",\"34\",\"187\",\"2.00\"],[\"NO.4\",\"507\",\"1,455\",\"15\",\"109\",\"0.35\",\"25,940\",\"11,650\",\"41\",\"542\",\"2.23\"],[\"NO.5\",\"451\",\"1,317\",\"24\",\"99\",\"0.34\",\"23,990\",\"9,638\",\"52\",\"771\",\"2.49\"],[\"NO.6\",\"425\",\"1,284\",\"20\",\"125\",\"0.33\",\"24,120\",\"9,646\",\"39\",\"599\",\"2.50\"],[\"NO.7\",\"1,159\",\"1,716\",\"19\",\"137\",\"0.68\",\"21,410\",\"8,395\",\"37\",\"903\",\"2.55\"],[\"NO.8\",\"457\",\"1,392\",\"19\",\"68\",\"0.33\",\"21,380\",\"8,604\",\"49\",\"513\",\"2.48\"],[\"NO.9\",\"912\",\"1,643\",\"20\",\"148\",\"0.56\",\"18,620\",\"6,523\",\"35\",\"1,243\",\"2.85\"],[\"NO.10\",\"759\",\"1,504\",\"19\",\"360\",\"0.50\",\"17,690\",\"6,585\",\"35\",\"1,018\",\"2.69\"],[\"NO.11\",\"2,195\",\"1,687\",\"40\",\"84\",\"1.30\",\"24,020\",\"11,600\",\"63\",\"851\",\"2.07\"],[\"NO.12\",\"229\",\"1,187\",\"22\",\"20\",\"0.19\",\"10,880\",\"4,354\",\"40\",\"1,131\",\"2.50\"],[\"NO.13\",\"454\",\"1,500\",\"20\",\"108\",\"0.30\",\"16,640\",\"5,376\",\"73\",\"1,205\",\"3.10\"],[\"NO.14\",\"539\",\"1,504\",\"19\",\"137\",\"0.36\",\"18,560\",\"6,359\",\"133\",\"930\",\"2.92\"],[\"NO.15\",\"288\",\"1,179\",\"14\",\"78\",\"0.24\",\"18,370\",\"7,996\",\"65\",\"1,274\",\"2.30\"],[\"NO.16\",\"396\",\"1,442\",\"17\",\"96\",\"0.27\",\"8,052\",\"3,000\",\"60\",\"1,119\",\"2.68\"],[\"NO.17\",\"323\",\"1,383\",\"19\",\"58\",\"0.23\",\"3,986\",\"2,385\",\"43\",\"995\",\"1.67\"],[\"Average\",\"2,182\",\"1,991\",\"23\",\"119\",\"\",\"19,579\",\"8,566\",\"53\",\"802\",\"\"]]}},{\"id\":\"54460cbca\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"3 Conclusions\"}},{\"id\":\"68c8300e1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"This article investigated the samples by a series of gemological, spectral, and chemical testing methods. The pink and green showed quite different R.I. values and very different inclusion features. The Raman spectrum will be applied in future research to identify and analyze this crystal inclusion and the fluids within the long tube. The spectrum and chemical analysis clearly showed that Mn and Fe are the main coloration agents in the bi-colored pink and green tourmaline. However, the mechanism of color is still not clear. We will carry more experiments to further study the gradient of traces element and their relation with the color.\"}},{\"id\":\"4fd0fcd34\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Acknowledgment\"}},{\"id\":\"f4e93fc90\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The authors are grateful to Ms. Ma Rui for kindly provide somes smaples. Huixin Zhao is thanked for photographing. We also thank Han Qi for their assitance during the spectral and chemical testing.\"}},{\"id\":\"92c5fceb9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"References\"}},{\"id\":\"8eafe4aaf\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[1] Henry D J, Novak M, Hawthorne F C, et al. Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals[J]. American Mineralogist, 2011, 96(5):895-913.\"}},{\"id\":\"d72dcacc3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[2] Bosi F, Celata B, Skogby H, et al. Mn-bearing purplish-red tourmaline from the Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 2021, 85(2):242–253.\"}},{\"id\":\"ab68521a6\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[3] Abduriyim A, Kitawaki H, Furuya M, et al. “Paraíba” -Type Copper-Bearing Tourmaline from Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique: Chemical Fingerprinting by LA-ICP-MS[J]. Gems & Gemology, 2006.\"}},{\"id\":\"98866e908\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[4] Laurs, Brendan M, Zwaan, et al. Copper-bearing (paraíba-type) tourmaline from mozambique[J]. Gems & Gemology, 2008.\"}},{\"id\":\"dc9ca3718\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[5] Katsurada Y, Sun Z, Breeding C M, et al. Geographic Origin Determination of Paraiba Tourmaline[J]. Gems and Gemology, 2019, 55(4).\"}},{\"id\":\"b9749d35e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[6] Dirlam D.M., Laurs B.M., Pezzotta F. and Simmons W.B. Liddicoatite tourmaline from Anjanabonoina, Madagascar[J]. Gems & Gemology, 2002.\"}},{\"id\":\"c676e97c0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[7] Qingyuan, Yu, Zhili, et al. Exploring the Chinese Gem and Jewelry Industry[J]. Gems and Gemology, 2014, 50(1):2-29.\"}},{\"id\":\"7099a59ef\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[8] Fan J, Fe Ng X, Guo S, et al. Optical absorption spectra of tourmaline crystals[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2009, 37(4):523-530.\"}},{\"id\":\"20beed57b\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[9] Castaneda, C., Eeckhout S G, GMD Costa, et al. Effect of heat treatment on tourmaline from Brazil[J]. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2006, 33(3):207-216.\"}}]}","HuangTianTian",[],[],1784601772558]