[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":390},["ShallowReactive",2],{"header-nav-data":3,"related-news":269,"news-unveiling-the-origin-determination-of-green-feicuijadeite-from-burma-and-guatemala":372},{"reports":4,"labs":108,"courses":226},[5,35,54,72,90],{"id":6,"slug":7,"name":8,"name_zh":9,"tagline":10,"tagline_zh":11,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":14,"created_at":15,"last_updated_at":16,"available_categories":17,"available_locations":21,"images":26},5,"guild-folio","GUILD FOLIO","高级报告","FOLIO Report is a professionally profound and uniquely insightful gemological document, meticulously bespoke for collector-grade jewelry and presented as a premium, book-bound masterpiece within an elegant gift box.","FOLIO 报告是一份具有专业深度和独特见解的宝石学报告，为收藏级珠宝精心定制，并以高级精装书卷的形式呈现在优雅的礼盒中。",null,true,70,"2026-02-06T11:31:22","2026-03-30T17:25:34",[18,19,20],"colored-stones","feicui","pearl",[22,23,24,25],"china-mainland","thailand","sri-lanka","hongkong",[27,31],{"id":28,"image_url":29,"image_type":30},10,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b85464b6-14f4-4346-8fe3-4fbb30faf542.png","transparent_clean_shot",{"id":32,"image_url":33,"image_type":34},16,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1aadc859-3c3f-43cc-80ac-318a4d52b457.jpg","atmospheric_contextual",{"id":36,"slug":37,"name":38,"name_zh":39,"tagline":40,"tagline_zh":41,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":43,"last_updated_at":44,"available_categories":45,"available_locations":46,"images":47},1,"standard-report","Standard Report","常规检测报告","Standard Report provides a versatile diagnostic framework for all colored gemstone varieties, delivering critical data on identification, treatment status, and color grading to establish a comprehensive profile for every specimen.","常规报告为彩色宝石品种提供了一个多功能的鉴定框架，提供关于鉴定、优化处理和颜色分级的关键数据，为每一颗标本建立全面的档案。",50,"2026-02-06T11:07:09","2026-03-30T17:18:27",[18,19],[23,24,25,22],[48,51],{"id":49,"image_url":50,"image_type":30},13,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/72303f7d-3498-4f8f-b084-dfdd23a8cb88.png",{"id":52,"image_url":53,"image_type":34},14,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b3bbc130-04c4-477f-81d9-512ba6491353.jpg",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"name_zh":58,"tagline":59,"tagline_zh":60,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":62,"last_updated_at":63,"available_categories":64,"available_locations":65,"images":66},3,"pearl-grading-report","Pearl Grading Report","珍珠分级鉴定报告","It offers a comprehensive gemological analysis for all pearl categories, featuring a structured four-part layout—Certificate Information, Pearl Information, Identification Details, and Key Conclusions—to cover every essential detail for buyers.","该报告为所有珍珠类别提供全面的宝石学分析，采用结构化的四部分布局——证书信息、珍珠信息、检测细节和关键结论——涵盖消费者关注的每一个核心细节。",30,"2026-02-06T11:25:33","2026-03-30T17:22:39",[20],[22],[67,69],{"id":6,"image_url":68,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6d3b2d1-cdd9-42dd-be4d-75ded1bfae09.jpg",{"id":70,"image_url":71,"image_type":30},6,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6c4c7330-51e8-4b2e-af46-f217e3a6e0e5.png",{"id":73,"slug":74,"name":75,"name_zh":76,"tagline":77,"tagline_zh":78,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":80,"last_updated_at":81,"available_categories":82,"available_locations":83,"images":84},2,"dossier-report","Dossier Report","Dossier报告","Dossier Report is a streamlined gemological document specifically engineered for colored stones under one carat, offering highly efficient identification, color grading, and origin determination across all gemstone varieties.","Dossier 报告是专为一克拉以下的彩色宝石设计的精简版宝石证书，为各类宝石提供高效的鉴定、颜色分级和产地鉴定服务。",25,"2026-02-06T11:22:28","2026-03-30T17:21:00",[18],[22,23,24,25],[85,87],{"id":55,"image_url":86,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/77d5bd95-75cd-423d-aea9-0f276bee3e61.jpg",{"id":88,"image_url":89,"image_type":30},4,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bfca818a-3561-4679-8b22-e1da9bf98dd5.png",{"id":70,"slug":91,"name":92,"name_zh":93,"tagline":94,"tagline_zh":95,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":97,"last_updated_at":98,"available_categories":99,"available_locations":100,"images":101},"prestige-report","Prestige Report","尊享报告","GUILD Prestige Report is a sophisticated gemological document tailored for high-end colored stones and pearls, offering a deep-dive analysis of a gemstone’s aesthetic dimensions and providing a unique, individualized evaluation for every specimen.","GUILD 尊享报告是为高端彩色宝石和珍珠量身定制的高级宝石报告，提供对宝石美学维度的深度分析，并为每一件标本提供独特的个体化评价。",20,"2026-02-06T11:33:19","2026-03-30T17:47:36",[18,19],[22,23,24,25],[102,105],{"id":103,"image_url":104,"image_type":34},11,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/10ac604a-d1c2-49f4-bafe-24ada49cfaa0.jpg",{"id":106,"image_url":107,"image_type":30},12,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3fd95c04-17fe-40e1-a57e-181f838d6211.png",[109,129,147,162,178,194,209],{"id":36,"lab_id":110,"name":111,"name_zh":112,"city":113,"city_zh":114,"country":115,"country_zh":116,"address":117,"address_zh":117,"phone":118,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":121,"city_image_url":122,"interior_images":123,"is_published":13,"sort_order":126,"created_at":127,"last_updated_at":128},"sri-lanka-laboratory","Sri Lanka Laboratory","斯里兰卡实验室","Beruwala","贝鲁瓦拉","Sri Lanka","斯里兰卡","3/4/5/6 Floor, Zam Gems Building, 44/1, Sheik Fassy Mawatha, China Fort, Beruwala, Sri Lanka","+0094 342214443","info@guildgemlab.com","","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbf95b5c-699a-4aa1-9e2e-37650d1df384.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/07415349-1198-4c45-b855-1c0baf069e4b.png",[124,125],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1ecc8af1-f6b1-406d-9c56-f232e1606e3c.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0be76daf-5ca6-47ac-88e8-3e1405d5c35b.png",60,"2026-03-10T17:00:14","2026-03-17T16:57:14",{"id":70,"lab_id":130,"name":131,"name_zh":132,"city":133,"city_zh":134,"country":135,"country_zh":136,"address":137,"address_zh":138,"phone":139,"email":140,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":141,"city_image_url":142,"interior_images":143,"is_published":13,"sort_order":144,"created_at":145,"last_updated_at":146},"bangkok-laboratory","Bangkok Laboratory","曼谷实验室","Bangkok","曼谷","Thailand","泰国","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Si Lom Rd, Silom, Bang Rak, Bangkok, Thailand","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Silom road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, Thailand., 10500","+66 (0) 21265408","fangjuan@guildgemlab.com","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/92c49c5b-75c7-4adf-ae2b-fdf21b930dec.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2b1c353d-5f67-42a3-814a-8337de6f70e1.jpg",[],35,"2026-03-10T17:14:49","2026-03-16T16:44:33",{"id":73,"lab_id":148,"name":149,"name_zh":150,"city":151,"city_zh":152,"country":153,"country_zh":154,"address":155,"address_zh":155,"phone":156,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":157,"city_image_url":158,"interior_images":159,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":160,"last_updated_at":161},"los-angeles-laboratory","Los Angeles Laboratory","洛杉矶实验室","Los Angeles","洛杉矶","United States","美国","550 South Hill Street, Suite 1188, Los Angeles, CA90013, USA","+1 2136240137","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ea476e65-bb43-4ce4-8189-133c794a861a.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6153020-c94c-4bcc-9df9-0fc39e5d9fd2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:01:22","2026-03-17T16:57:45",{"id":55,"lab_id":163,"name":164,"name_zh":165,"city":166,"city_zh":167,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":170,"address_zh":171,"phone":172,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":173,"city_image_url":174,"interior_images":175,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":176,"last_updated_at":177},"hong-kong-laboratory","Hong Kong Laboratory","香港实验室","Hong Kong","香港","China","中国","Flat 512B,Fu Hang Industrial Building, 1 Hok Yuen Street East, Hung Hom, Kowloon City District, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","香港九龙城区红磡鹤园东街1号富恒工业大厦512B室","+852 59751280","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a8009f44-a00a-406c-9a76-b690abb00f16.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e69f75d5-665f-4536-82ce-3590737f11d2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:05:06","2026-03-19T09:42:21",{"id":88,"lab_id":179,"name":180,"name_zh":181,"city":182,"city_zh":183,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":184,"address_zh":185,"phone":186,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":187,"city_image_url":188,"interior_images":189,"is_published":13,"sort_order":191,"created_at":192,"last_updated_at":193},"shenzhen-laboratory","Shenzhen Laboratory","深圳实验室","Shenzhen","深圳","Room 3C08, Addcon Building, Shuibei 1st Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China","深圳市 罗湖区 翠竹街道 翠锦社区 翠竹路 2099号 爱得康大厦 三层 C08","+86 4008866175","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbe15c7b-ced1-41e2-bd1e-ce12300e662b.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d0f51c46-8cdf-4505-a1b5-e75ec1cdb561.jpg",[190],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/f215d30f-ea6c-4b5f-beb6-793cffbcf0ca.png",23,"2026-03-10T17:10:22","2026-03-17T17:29:01",{"id":6,"lab_id":195,"name":196,"name_zh":197,"city":198,"city_zh":199,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":200,"address_zh":201,"phone":202,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":203,"city_image_url":204,"interior_images":205,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":207,"last_updated_at":208},"zhuji-laboratory","Zhuji Laboratory","诸暨实验室","Zhuji","诸暨","Rooms B0419-B0421,  Building B04,  Phase 1 Market,  East China International Jewelry City,  Shanxiahu Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","浙江省 绍兴市 诸暨市 山下湖镇 华东国际珠宝城一期市场 B04栋 B0419-B0421","+86 133 0231 0256","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6778c28-4699-4fce-82ad-4fea005d3404.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6bd5b54f-9299-4218-9e48-5fb50140a83d.jpg",[206],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ab2a559d-a0bb-4272-bed5-d9616e921a0d.png","2026-03-10T17:12:13","2026-03-20T15:25:06",{"id":210,"lab_id":211,"name":212,"name_zh":213,"city":214,"city_zh":215,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":216,"address_zh":217,"phone":218,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":219,"city_image_url":220,"interior_images":221,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":224,"last_updated_at":225},7,"guangzhou-laboratory","Guangzhou Laboratory","广州实验室","Guangzhou","广州","Room 4095, Blue Port International Jewelry Trade Center, No. 300 Kangwang Middle Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","广州市 荔湾区 康王中路 蓝港（国际）珠宝交易中心 4楼 4095","+86 181 3828 3849","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3f79c542-bf42-4dff-b1de-7d5281f42555.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/43c9bae4-82b4-4c55-a39f-20f96ff606be.jpg",[222,223],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/c4d31919-3230-42a9-9fab-e00775bc93d2.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d69902ea-0d71-4d3c-bbfd-72bfe1f19057.jpg","2026-03-10T17:19:56","2026-03-20T17:41:24",[227,238,250,259],{"id":36,"slug":228,"level":229,"title":230,"title_en":231,"subtitle":232,"subtitle_en":233,"image_url":234,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":236,"last_updated_at":237},"advanced-emerald-identification-and-evaluation","intermediate","祖母绿鉴定与评估课程","Emerald Identification and Evaluation","深入探索祖母绿的奥秘世界","Deep Dive into the Mystical World of Emeralds","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/k07Y_1761530161.jpg","6","2026-03-10T15:14:21","2026-03-30T11:07:34",{"id":239,"slug":240,"level":241,"title":242,"title_en":243,"subtitle":244,"subtitle_en":245,"image_url":246,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":247,"created_at":248,"last_updated_at":249},9,"ruby-and-sapphire-identification-and-evaluation","advanced","红宝石与蓝宝石鉴定与评估课程","Ruby and Sapphire Identification and Evaluation","掌握刚玉宝石的鉴定精髓","Master the Essence of Corundum Gemstone Identification","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/6TEe_1761529854.jpg",40,"2026-03-10T15:19:30","2026-03-30T11:27:47",{"id":73,"slug":251,"level":241,"title":252,"title_en":253,"subtitle":254,"subtitle_en":255,"image_url":256,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":257,"last_updated_at":258},"colored-stones-identification-and-evaluation","彩色宝石鉴定与评估课程","Colored Stones Identification and Evaluation","探索彩色宝石的璀璨世界","Explore the Brilliant World of Colored Gemstones","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/news/news-hero-header-image.jpg","2026-03-10T15:15:51","2026-03-30T11:29:55",{"id":210,"slug":260,"level":241,"title":261,"title_en":262,"subtitle":263,"subtitle_en":264,"image_url":265,"duration":266,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":267,"last_updated_at":268},"pearls-identification-and-evaluation","珍珠鉴定与评估课程","Pearls Identification and Evaluation","揭开珍珠的优雅密码","Unlock the Elegant Secrets of Pearls","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/VaLd_1761529495.jpg","4","2026-03-10T15:19:14","2026-03-30T11:31:40",[270,283,293,303,314,324,333,343,352,362],{"id":271,"slug":272,"content_type":273,"title":274,"title_en":275,"excerpt":276,"excerpt_en":277,"featured_image_url":278,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":281,"created_at":282},73,"guild-gem-laboratories-zhuji-newly-upgraded","news","“鸿运新启，璀璨生辉”GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室（诸暨）焕新启幕","GUILD Gem Laboratories (Zhuji) Newly Upgraded","2026年3月20日，GUILD吉尔德诸暨实验室于山下湖华东国际珠宝城B0419-B0421正式焕新启幕，自2023年诸暨实验室成立至如今全新启幕，GUILD吉尔德持续深化与布局全球化品牌策略，稳步推进全球市场化进程。同时，GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室（诸暨）亦开启新一轮序章。  启幕仪式在跃动的灵狮舞动中拉开序幕，醒狮随《光影共舞》的音乐威然跃现，GUILD吉尔德宝石实验室总裁 Ruby Liu ...","On March 20, 2026, GUILD Gem Laboratories (Zhuji) officially celebrated the grand reopening of its newly upgraded facility at B0419–B0421, East China International Jewelry City, Shanxiahu. Since the e...","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/new/98e2d045-7ca4-43e2-b225-ed71a2ae3d9a.jpg","center",false,"2026-03-31T11:28:18","2026-03-29T20:00:00",{"id":284,"slug":285,"content_type":273,"title":286,"title_en":287,"excerpt":288,"excerpt_en":289,"featured_image_url":290,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":291,"created_at":292},32,"education-in-action-guild-institute-brings-gemological-studies-to-life-at-hong-kong-show","以展促学丨GUILD吉尔德宝石学教育带队研学2026香港珠宝展","Education in Action: GUILD Institute Brings Gemological Studies to Life at Hong Kong Show","2026年3月，第12届香港国际钻石、宝石及珍珠展在香港亚洲国际博览馆（机场展馆）圆满举办，与香港会议展览中心的第42届香港国际珠宝展形成“两展两地”联动模式。作为全球宝石行业开年重要的商贸与交流平台，本届展会汇聚了全球各地源头矿商、知名珠宝企业与行业专业从业者，是宝石行业对接源头货源、掌握真实市场动态的重要渠道。  GUILD吉尔德宝石学教育精准把握展会的实战教学价值，组织20名学员组建研学团队...","In March 2026, the 12th Hong Kong International Diamond, Gem & Pearl Show was successfully held at the AsiaWorld-Expo (Airport Exhibition Hall), forming a 'two exhibitions, two venues' linkage model w...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/7a37161d-a18d-44b0-be46-56c164107191.jpg","2026-03-17T11:46:57","2026-03-15T11:46:00",{"id":294,"slug":295,"content_type":273,"title":296,"title_en":297,"excerpt":298,"excerpt_en":299,"featured_image_url":300,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":301,"created_at":302},54,"gem-sri-lanka-2026-at-colombo-shangri-la","Gem Sri Lanka 2026在斯里兰卡首都科伦坡香格里拉酒店成功举办!GUILD吉尔德作为铂金赞助商亮相，助力宝石产业蓬勃发展","Gem Sri Lanka 2026 at Colombo Shangri-La","1 月 7 日 - 9 日，Gem Sri Lanka 2026 在斯里兰卡首都科伦坡市中心的香格里拉酒店成功举办。斯里兰卡总理哈里尼・阿马拉苏里亚博士作为重磅来宾出席官方开幕仪式。从最初的行业专业展会发展至今，Gem Sri Lanka 已成长为具有里程碑意义的国际盛会。  Gem Sri Lanka 由斯里兰卡宝石与珠宝贸易协会（CGJTA）主办，协会拥有 2000 余名会员，覆盖贝鲁瓦拉、拉...","From January 7-9, Gem Sri Lanka 2026 was successfully held at the Shangri-La Hotel in the heart of Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Dr. Harini Amarasuriya, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, attended the ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/acf4fdd8-ed00-4c05-93ef-02be6b2d22ab.png","2026-03-20T14:35:06","2026-01-08T06:26:00",{"id":304,"slug":305,"content_type":306,"title":307,"title_en":308,"excerpt":309,"excerpt_en":310,"featured_image_url":311,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":312,"created_at":313},36,"exploring-the-origins-of-gemstone-names-language-geography-and-human-stories","research","当我们“呼唤”宝石时，我们在“呼唤”什么？","Exploring the Origins of Gemstone Names: Language, Geography, and Human Stories","聊起宝石，我们总是先被它的光泽与色彩所吸引。但当我们脱口而出“红宝石”“祖母绿”这些名字时，可曾想过，我们叫的这些名称到底是什么？它们又是怎么来的？是古人看到它时灵光一闪的灵感？还是地质发现者特意留下的纪念？抑或是跨洋贸易中流传下来的称谓？ 其实每颗宝石的名字都不简单，跨越时空，今天就让我们顺着这些线索，一起聊聊宝石名称里的那些小秘密 ~ 古老语言中的宝石密码 人类对宝石的命名，最早可追溯到文字诞...","When we \"call\" gemstones, what are we actually \"calling\"? When we speak of gemstones, we are first drawn to their luster and color. But when we casually utter names like \"Ruby\" or \"Emerald,\" have we e...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2d16d153-a83c-4fe9-9daf-6fdee2b96982.jpg","2026-03-18T10:38:35","2025-12-03T02:25:00",{"id":315,"slug":316,"content_type":306,"title":317,"title_en":318,"excerpt":319,"excerpt_en":320,"featured_image_url":321,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":322,"created_at":323},37,"guild-field-study-comprehensive-analysis-of-madagascars-gem-industry-market-and-mining-ecosystem","马达加斯加宝石产业实地考察：市场、开采与交易生态全解析","GUILD Field Study: Comprehensive Analysis of Madagascar's Gem Industry Market and Mining Ecosystem","在印度洋的万顷碧波之中，世界第四大岛屿马达加斯加静卧一隅。这片土地不仅是狐猴与猴面包树的乐园，更因其地下蕴藏的璀璨瑰宝，赢得了“矿石博物馆”的美誉。  截至今日，全岛已发现六十多处宝石矿，从祖母绿、红宝石、蓝宝石等名贵品类，到海蓝宝石、碧玺、石榴石等常见宝石，几乎覆盖所有彩色宝石类型。  地质基础：宝石形成的天然密码 马达加斯加全岛形成源于远古时期印度洋板块与非洲板块的分离。这场持续数百万年的地质...","Amidst the vast blue expanse of the Indian Ocean lies Madagascar, the world's fourth-largest island. This land is not only a paradise for lemurs and baobab trees but has also earned the reputation of ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a3dddcd0-d593-414b-9d98-dae5200bf799.jpg","2026-03-18T11:51:46","2025-11-25T02:35:00",{"id":144,"slug":325,"content_type":306,"title":326,"title_en":327,"excerpt":328,"excerpt_en":329,"featured_image_url":330,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":331,"created_at":332},"from-65-global-production-to-trade-freeze-what-shock-is-brazil-experiencing","从全球 65% 产量到交易冻结，巴西正经历怎样的震荡？","From 65% Global Production to Trade Freeze: What Shock Is Brazil Experiencing?","当 “圣玛丽亚” 海蓝宝的清澈、帕拉伊巴碧玺的霓虹、帝王托帕石的璀璨仍在珠宝爱好者心中闪耀时，这片曾孕育了全球 65% 以上彩色宝石的土地——巴西，正遭遇前所未有的产业寒冬。 GUILD 考察团队曾多次前往巴西考察，见证过矿区的繁忙、交易重镇的喧嚣；今年8月，团队再次深入这片土地，走访圣保罗、贝洛、Teófilo Otoni、Valadares、Itabira等主要宝石交易重镇，对话 4 大行业协...","While the clarity of 'Santa Maria' Aquamarine, the neon of Paraiba Tourmaline, and the brilliance of Imperial Topaz still shine in the hearts of jewelry enthusiasts, Brazil—the land that once yielded ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/645a0985-72ae-4477-af4f-609f4354248b.png","2026-03-18T11:49:43","2025-11-04T10:22:00",{"id":334,"slug":335,"content_type":306,"title":336,"title_en":337,"excerpt":338,"excerpt_en":339,"featured_image_url":340,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":341,"created_at":342},41,"what-makes-tourmaline-the-birthstone-for-october-so-captivating","十月生辰石——碧玺有何魅力？从历史传奇到科学挑货，一文全知晓！","What makes tourmaline, the birthstone for October, so captivating?","能将 “彩虹之色” 集于一身的宝石，碧玺（Tourmaline）算是其中的佼佼者！1912 年，美国珠宝商会首次将十月的生辰石定为碧玺，如今百年时光过去，碧玺也被越来越多人所熟知，恰逢十月，今天小吉就从历史、宝石学性质、产地到选购指南，为大家全面解读 “彩虹宝石” 的独特魅力！ 历史与传说 碧玺的名称就像一部文化交融的缩影，其英文名称“Tourmaline”源于古僧迦罗语中的 “Turmali”，...","A gemstone capable of gathering the \"colors of the rainbow\" within itself, Tourmaline is undoubtedly one of the finest examples! In 1912, the Jewelers of America first designated Tourmaline as the Oct...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e2687fd8-3543-4a99-82df-69a1e780d7c3.jpg","2026-03-19T14:32:47","2025-10-30T09:37:00",{"id":247,"slug":344,"content_type":306,"title":345,"title_en":346,"excerpt":347,"excerpt_en":348,"featured_image_url":349,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":350,"created_at":351},"global-colored-gemstone-market-enters-new-normal-scarcity-becomes-certainty-differentiation-create","全球彩色宝石市场步入新常态：稀缺成为确定性，分化创造新机遇","Global Colored Gemstone Market Enters New Normal: Scarcity Becomes Certainty, Differentiation Create","当黄金价格剧烈波动、传统资产走势难以预判之时，你是否注意到彩色宝石市场呈现出的另一番景象？一边是顶级宝石价格屡破纪录、拍卖会捷报频传，另一边却是市场采购愈发谨慎、批量持续收缩。这股\"价格升温\"与\"采购降温\"并存的现象背后，究竟隐藏着怎样的市场逻辑？今年，GUILD考察团队持续追踪了多个彩色宝石矿区、原石拍卖会与国际珠宝展，试图从源头到终端，梳理出一条清晰的脉络。  一、供应端：稀缺性加剧与产业适应...","When gold prices fluctuate violently and the trends of traditional assets are difficult to predict, have you noticed the other picture presented by the colored gemstone market? On one side, top gemsto...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/eedea5c9-10d3-4fa5-b043-9cf28443c0a7.jpg","2026-03-18T16:55:59","2025-10-23T08:00:00",{"id":353,"slug":354,"content_type":273,"title":355,"title_en":356,"excerpt":357,"excerpt_en":358,"featured_image_url":359,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":360,"created_at":361},43,"32m-zambia-emerald-auction-market-recovery-insights","“赞比亚祖母绿3200万拍卖背后的市场复苏！”教育院长拍卖会趋势分析被Roskin Gem News Report收录","$32M Zambia Emerald Auction: Market Recovery Insights ","“赞比亚祖母绿3200万拍卖背后的市场复苏！”教育院长拍卖会趋势分析被Roskin Gem News Report收录 8月25日至9月11日，全球知名宝石矿业公司Gemfields 在泰国曼谷举行赞比亚 Kagem 矿区祖母绿原石拍卖会，吸引行业广泛关注，GUILD 宝石实验室总裁 Ruby 与吉尔德宝石学教育院长 Andrew Lucas 受邀前往拍卖会现场，深入了解拍卖动态。  就拍卖的情况...","$32M Zambia Emerald Auction: Market Recovery Insights  From GUILD Institute of Gemology President Featured in Roskin Gem News From August 25 to September 11, the globally renowned gemstone mining comp...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e87f9a5e-0bb7-4516-96ef-78452de17199.jpg","2026-03-19T13:34:44","2025-10-21T04:29:00",{"id":363,"slug":364,"content_type":306,"title":365,"title_en":366,"excerpt":367,"excerpt_en":368,"featured_image_url":369,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":280,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":370,"created_at":371},39,"the-pearl-harvesting-season-is-here-a-dialogue-with-newly-harvested-pearls-qa-on-the-full-journey","开蚌月来临！对话初生小珍珠：从养殖到成品的全链路问答","The Pearl Harvesting Season is Here! A Dialogue with Newly Harvested Pearls: Q&A on the Full Journey","十月的诸暨，风里都带着珍珠的温润。作为“中国淡水珍珠之乡”，山下湖的开蚌节早已是全国焦点。在首届（国际）开蚌节的欢庆中，各地游客相聚于此，共同见证珍珠的丰收，体验开蚌的惊喜。  十月起，山下湖的淡水珍珠进入集中开蚌期——这些在蚌壳中孕育数年的珍宝，凝聚着诸暨人几十年的养殖智慧。趁此热潮，小吉在珍珠养殖基地，专访了一颗刚“出世”的淡水珍珠，它还特意请来了自己的 “爱迪生兄弟” ，一同讲述从诞生到“遇...","The Pearl Harvesting Season is Here! A Dialogue with Newly Harvested Pearls: Q&A on the Full Journey from Cultivation to Finished Jewelry In October, the breeze in Zhuji carries the gentle luster of p...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/226ba78f-7872-4992-a746-2b3b4b834e1b.jpg","2026-03-18T15:05:05","2025-10-14T22:18:00",{"slug":373,"content_type_name":306,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"title":374,"content":375,"excerpt":376,"title_en":377,"content_en":378,"excerpt_en":379,"featured_image_url":380,"cover_position":279,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"published_at":381,"published_by_name":382,"authors":12,"venue":12,"paper_published_date":12,"citation":12,"paper_type":12,"last_updated_at":383,"last_updated_by_name":382,"id":14,"created_at":384,"is_deleted":280,"external_links":385,"attachments":386},"unveiling-the-origin-determination-of-green-feicuijadeite-from-burma-and-guatemala","绿色缅甸和危地马拉翡翠产地判定","{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"d8th7xj2c\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"市场上宝石级的翡翠大部分来自缅甸，一直深受消费者的喜爱，近期，危地马拉的翡翠也不断涌入中国市场。\"}},{\"id\":\"665y6s7lx\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"近期，GUILD宝石学家采集大量绿色缅甸和危地马拉翡翠样品，从基础宝石学性质、显微观察、红外光谱、紫外光谱、拉曼光谱及X射线荧光光谱等方面进行深入细致的研究，旨在探究两个产地绿色翡翠宝石学性质、谱学特征和矿物组成，为绿色翡翠的产地判别提供依据，为规范翡翠市场提供帮助。\"}},{\"id\":\"uux8pq5hi\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"何为翡翠？\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"egld4is3q\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"根据国标GB/T 16553-2017规定，翡翠主要是由硬玉或者硬玉及其它钠质、钠钙质辉石（如绿辉石、钠铬辉石）组成，可含有少量的角闪石、长石、铬铁矿等。翡翠主要是由辉石族形成的隐晶质、多晶质的矿物集合体[1]。\"}},{\"id\":\"ok426u4b6\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/42fb52cf-9899-49dc-a268-112642bfffb4.png\",\"caption\":\"一块危地马拉翡翠原石\",\"width\":\"100%\",\"copyright\":\"GUILD宝石实验室\"}},{\"id\":\"i0u36u7bw\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"翡翠的产出与产地\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"9jclt6iel\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"翡翠形成于俯冲带内高压低温的地质环境，经过板块俯冲，流体多期次交代等复杂过程[2]。翡翠的产地主要分布在缅甸，在危地马拉、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、日本、美国等地均有产出[3]。\"}},{\"id\":\"95iaj229u\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸的翡翠矿床分为原生矿床和次生矿床，原生矿床主要分布在缅甸北部的蛇纹石化橄榄岩岩体中，次生矿床主要分布在乌龙江流域上游[2]；危地马拉翡翠矿床主要分布在莫塔瓜断裂带两侧蛇纹混杂岩中[4]。\"}},{\"id\":\"vftorv5oi\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"基本宝石学性质\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"kyhueyogu\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\"],\"rows\":[[\"名称\",\"翡翠Fei Cui\"],[\"产地\",\"缅甸\",\"危地马拉\"],[\"矿物成分\",\"主要是由硬玉或者硬玉及其它钠质、钠钙质辉石（如绿辉石、钠铬辉石）组成，可含有少量的角闪石、长石、铬铁矿等。\"],[\"颜色\",\"绿色、深绿色，饱和度和亮度较高\",\"深灰绿色，明度较暗，肉眼可见表面黑色的点状矿物分布\"],[\"透明度\",\"透明—半透明\"],[\"光泽\",\"玻璃光泽\"],[\"折射率\",\"1.66±（点测）\",\"1.668~1.679\"],[\"相对密度\",\"3.32—3.33 （静水称重法，多次测试取平均值）\"],[\"荧光\",\"长、短波紫外光照射下无荧光、磷光反应\"]]}},{\"id\":\"d6h7pjrn7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"注：表格所列数据为研究样品实测值\"}},{\"id\":\"8ea6qhz7m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"本次研究分别选取了17块缅甸翡翠和20块危地马拉翡翠。通过外观观察：\"}},{\"id\":\"tyogop3c4\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸翡翠颜色为绿色、深绿色，饱和度和亮度较高，可见绿色色心，部分色心在透射光下为透明的绿色晶体，纤维交织结构，玻璃光泽，半透明至透明。\"}},{\"id\":\"1y4he3maj\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"危地马拉翡翠颜色为深灰绿色，相对于缅甸的绿色翡翠明度较暗，肉眼可见黑色的点状矿物分布，部分样品表面在反射光下可见白色絮状或脉状分布，透射光下为暗绿色，整体为糜棱结构，玻璃光泽，半透明至透明。\"}},{\"id\":\"xlsimny5f\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/cbb1ea1b-2542-45c9-83bf-7697fed900dd.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"tl3pbuonn\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/29b1580d-ffb7-47e1-bca1-6d454134708f.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"xs4s9mxud\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/aa4c36ab-bc2b-4eba-90af-28509d219fcc.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"svuj0h3ys\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6a98279c-b5ef-49e6-bd4b-217e2aee474b.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"rpu8kraa0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 绿色缅甸翡翠样品\"}},{\"id\":\"yah9olj1n\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图源：Guild宝石实验室\"}},{\"id\":\"m5ion77mn\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2c197f03-3851-4b3e-817c-4e8a794d02ff.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"fh5jr67pn\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/86390a40-add2-496e-a664-12c3f1c22f6d.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"des179hpk\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/99575b06-e072-4570-8c98-7f2407379795.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"3pgnjs67d\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/db7cabf1-7675-42d0-8416-5fd66ffa2447.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"绿色危地马拉翡翠样品\",\"width\":\"100%\",\"copyright\":\"GUILD宝石实验室\"}},{\"id\":\"4hr28iwag\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"显微观察\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"jy88oarpz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸翡翠绿色部分呈脉状分布、点状零星分布或斑块状分布；白色矿物呈雪花状，与主晶交织在一起；偶尔可见褐色的片状矿物以及暗色柱状矿物。\"}},{\"id\":\"1uvpa9xlw\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"危地马拉翡翠常见白色矿物呈脉状分布，且在反射光下为白色，透射光下为灰色；常见锥状、簇状、不规则块状、片状的暗色矿物且具有较强的金属光泽，这些暗色矿物在缅甸翡翠样品中均未见到。\"}},{\"id\":\"kvc21sn32\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/26439ab9-30c4-479e-9d81-8b75ad1f7081.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"mn5tynp6b\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/8e83ebea-5dd3-4725-a94d-e0891ce0aba3.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"a495hsffy\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 缅甸翡翠的镜下特征：a.绿色色带呈脉状分布;b.白色矿物呈雪花状分布;c.出露的褐色的片状矿物;\"}},{\"id\":\"3dx5autkn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"d.深绿色的点状物零星分布;e.暗色的柱状矿物、纤维交织结构;f.绿色成斑块状分布\"}},{\"id\":\"464mdgoaa\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/697a4945-aa17-43dc-b350-fe8f6599de77.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"f0p5b7wgc\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d4101cec-d056-42f0-b4cd-61b98aebb9f1.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"ius2muinh\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ae7f865a-b096-4957-9fb1-6817dabf83a3.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"qwgcosw79\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/412bc9d5-a1a4-4cb8-87c7-1b5188f5ebda.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"r6r1d17e3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠的镜下特征:a.表面可见较多的白色团状矿物;b.出露的不规则的暗色矿物;c.暗色不规则矿物在样品内部;d.浅绿色的柱状矿物交织分布;e.表面白色的矿物成脉状分布;f.簇状的暗色矿物，具有金属光泽;g.锥状的暗色包体;h.规则的暗色包体;i.暗色片状绿辉石;j.不规则金属光泽暗色矿物;k.白色絮状硬玉;l.白色雪花状\"}},{\"id\":\"8kxlml4sh\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"红外光谱分析\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"cpsxpj45l\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"辉石族矿物属于链状硅酸盐，由[SiO4]四面体以两角顶相连形成沿C轴方向延伸；链间构成两种空隙，即八面体空隙M1和不规则的八面体空隙M2，辉石族的化学式可以表示为M2M1[T2O6]，其中M2主要为Na2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+、Li+等。M1主要为Mn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Al3+、Ti4+，T主要为Si4+、次要为Al3+。\"}},{\"id\":\"ers9k5662\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"硬玉峰值主要集中在 1 170、1 087、960、585、530、470 cm-1 处；绿辉石峰值主要集中在 1 062、960、889、650、560、520、450、417 cm-1 处，且典型特征为1 062 cm-1与960 cm-1互为镜像峰。\"}},{\"id\":\"4azjk86fe\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"红外光谱（反射法）显示缅甸翡翠和危地马拉翡翠样品均为辉石，由于所含的金属阳离子不同导致峰位发生变化。绿色缅甸翡翠的主要组成矿物为硬玉。相比之下，危地马拉翡翠的红外光谱峰位向低波数偏移，部分样品主要组成矿物为绿辉石，其余样品为绿辉石和硬玉的过渡相。\"}},{\"id\":\"xq3cmnymd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表 不同区域红外光谱振动峰和峰位指派\"}},{\"id\":\"5zhoiq7gt\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\",\"Col 3\",\"Col 4\"],\"rows\":[[\"振动类型\",\"所属吸收带\",\"缅甸翡翠\",\"危地马拉翡翠\"],[\"O-Si-O对称以及非对称伸缩振动\",\"1200~850\",\"1173~1 1621085~1 0801049965853\",\"11601076~1 071961886\"],[\"Si-O-Si弯曲振动\",\"750~600\",\"743666~661\",\"709656~652\"],[\"Si-O弯曲振动\",\"600~530\",\"587~578\",\"578~567\"],[\"M-O伸缩振动\",\"530~300\",\"535~528472~462435\",\"526~525463~456418~415\"]]}},{\"id\":\"gmx7pyq7v\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/894ff07a-3480-4656-b1f8-a47fd65174c0.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"hfghxoc0l\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 缅甸翡翠样品的红外反射光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"1i9h3nimy\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/5ef9d6dc-dae5-4672-a4b0-8644cf24c7d1.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"joogaljm9\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/c285c086-3a4f-422e-b0c5-ceffac5380a1.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"z59yzfzct\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠红外反射图谱\"}},{\"id\":\"8lsvrw5kl\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"紫外-可见吸收光谱分析\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"bhx2cu8jh\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"根据前人[2]研究，不同颜色的翡翠紫外吸收光谱均会出现437 nm的Fe3+吸收峰，而缅甸翡翠中的翠绿色是由于Cr3+替代了硬玉中的Al3+产生的，Cr含量的高低会影响绿色的深浅。\"}},{\"id\":\"rptja6cg2\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸绿色翡翠的紫外-可见吸收光谱主要表现为：370 nm或382 nm吸收峰，二者也可同时出现；437 nm强吸收峰，450 nm吸收峰偶尔出现；635、660、690 nm左右的强吸收峰（与Cr有关）；偶尔可见860~900 nm比较弱的吸收带。\"}},{\"id\":\"klqp3ltvb\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/8834c6dc-1248-423b-a7d6-cc5687d6d0e1.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"sdqxbcfaz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 缅甸翡翠的紫外-可见光吸收光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"igi5vm6yn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"危地马拉绿色翡翠的紫外-可见吸收光谱主要表现为两种：\"}},{\"id\":\"4ng42xyqr\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"一类与缅甸绿色翡翠相似，可见379 nm或者382 nm吸收峰（与Fe3+有关），437 nm吸收峰，可见清晰的635 nm、660 nm、690 nm左右的强吸收峰（与Cr2+有关）；940 nm较弱的吸收带；\"}},{\"id\":\"5y54girm8\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"另一类紫外-可见吸收光谱为主要为红区、黄绿区的部分吸收，主要集中为600~620 nm、730~760 nm、940 nm左右的吸收宽带，甚至出现红区至黄绿区的全部吸收。Fe2+在八面体晶体场中发生能级跃迁时，通常形成从红外边延伸到红区(甚至黄绿区) 的宽吸收带[7]。\"}},{\"id\":\"0bidk0f92\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/290f3d5a-d6dc-4e9b-a881-b82c224079c5.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"dw4949t85\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠紫外-可见光吸收光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"y56z3374p\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"拉曼光谱分析\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"nm7a6lvgf\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"由于翡翠是多晶质集合体，对样品的不同部分进行多次多点拉曼光谱测试。前人研究显示，硬玉的主要拉曼位移为1036、991、777、698、574、525、427、375、328 cm-1处以及206 cm-1处，其中以1036 cm-1和698 cm-1 处拉曼位移峰强最大，1036 cm-1处为Si-O的伸缩振动，698 cm-1处 Si-O-Si的弯曲振动谱带[9]。绿辉石的主要拉曼位移峰[8]为1 020、678、369、212 cm-1附近，其中以1020 cm-1和678 cm-1处拉曼位移峰强度最大。\"}},{\"id\":\"e9c34b6p3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"绿色缅甸翡翠主要是以硬玉为主，部分可测得绿辉石。相比之下，绿色危地马拉翡翠，主要是以绿辉石为主，部分可含有硬玉。不同样品在进行点测时，还可见其它次生矿物。\"}},{\"id\":\"0qwh2faxk\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸翡翠\",\"level\":4}},{\"id\":\"xndog2wsi\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"对缅甸翡翠样品进行多个点的拉曼测试，尤其是针对不同颜色部分进行多次测量。对样品BJ-01进行点测试，拉曼光谱显示为典型的硬玉拉曼特征峰。\"}},{\"id\":\"x2df00913\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在绿色缅甸翡翠BJ-02样品中经过多个点测试发现，该样品中浅色和深绿色部分可能为绿辉石。在样品的浅色部分同样出现1 082、278 cm-1处的拉曼位移峰，经过比对发现，方解石的主要拉曼位移峰位为1 085、711、281 cm-1和154 cm-1处特征峰。因此推测该样品中含有方解石。\"}},{\"id\":\"8nj7tr5jx\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"综合分析，在绿色缅甸翡翠样品中主要的组成矿物为硬玉，次生矿物为绿辉石、方解石。\"}},{\"id\":\"1736c645y\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e0c0d302-41bf-463a-b72b-9ffd9fe96a66.x-emf\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"bw943dtkk\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 绿色缅甸翡翠样品BJ-01拉曼光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"lntcxpe8s\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/35f829c3-6a70-4dea-9c6f-df3696fbab17.x-emf\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"jx3ov5avn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 绿色缅甸翡翠样品BJ-02拉曼光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"62inugl5l\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"危地马拉翡翠\",\"level\":4}},{\"id\":\"9xhr4j7wf\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在绿色危地马拉翡翠样品中，常见不规则具有金属光泽的暗色矿物，常呈簇状、点状分布。对样品GO-05进行拉曼测试，其中暗色矿物为无定形碳。\"}},{\"id\":\"4v68xr1so\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"样品GO-10中存在深绿色呈柱状分布的晶体，经过拉曼测试为绿辉石，同时对其它地方进行点测发现同时出现硬玉和绿辉石的典型特征峰，表明在此样品中存在绿辉石和硬玉。\"}},{\"id\":\"ltq52glv7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在绿色危地马拉翡翠GO-16样品中，经过点测发现，该样品出现典型绿辉石的特征峰，且在204 cm-1出现较弱的拉曼位移峰，该位移峰位属于硬玉。对白色絮状部分进行点测，出现695 cm-1硬玉拉曼位移，推测白色絮状物为硬玉。\"}},{\"id\":\"2x7o38hf1\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0da9c31b-179b-45df-8c27-af72bc617917.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"qiqxc1itd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠样品GO-05中暗色碳包体的拉曼图谱\"}},{\"id\":\"z8txg3q9x\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e9ac2ad7-dd7d-4a5a-b714-de4205a12756.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"bu0wy85ey\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠样品GO-10拉曼光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"2hmxx38gq\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a28fd608-a8b1-4a9e-8479-99a3b3ed9287.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"8u0p5ojby\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 危地马拉翡翠GO-16样品中白色絮状矿物拉曼图谱\"}},{\"id\":\"jiznpdypz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman 3D-Mapping\"}},{\"id\":\"9aigyji5n\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"3D Mapping技术将拉曼光谱测试的应用提升到了一个全新的高度，它能够展示翡翠内部特定选择区域的微小差异，并以更加生动、直观的方式呈现出来。通过将显微拉曼光谱仪与三维移动样品台相结合，我们可以精确地调整共聚焦激光束的位置，从而对选定的样品包裹体进行深入的测试。同时我们可以利用3D Mapping技术对选定区域进行更细致的扫描，以获取翡翠内部矿物分布的详细信息。\"}},{\"id\":\"98ethnlgh\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"为了进一步观察危地马拉的翡翠矿物组成，选择平整的光滑面，对样品GO-16进行3D扫描。\"}},{\"id\":\"ptsjv0cxy\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"以550~850 cm-1之间的特征峰变化发现：\"}},{\"id\":\"eeb4xunf2\",\"type\":\"list\",\"data\":{\"items\":[\"在此波段范围内以679 cm-1单峰存在；\",\"（2）拉曼峰位最开始从679 cm-1强峰逐渐变弱向高频方向移动，且688 cm-1逐渐出现并越来越变强；\"],\"style\":\"ordered\"}},{\"id\":\"fkhl15bls\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（3）679 cm-1逐渐消失，689 cm-1以单峰的形式存在；\"}},{\"id\":\"9tb9ht8bn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（4）689 cm-1峰强逐渐变弱向低频方向移动，且伴随着679cm-1逐渐出现且越来越强，最后689 cm-1逐渐消失。\"}},{\"id\":\"3m8tmsyor\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在拉曼测试中，选择Z=27μm时可以看到，绿辉石和硬玉的特征峰同时存在，679 cm-1和689 cm-1分别是绿辉石和硬玉的特征峰。经过数据还原该处的样品结构显示，绿色区域是硬玉，红色区域代表是绿辉石。这表明在危地马拉翡翠中，绿辉石和硬玉交织存在。根据链状硅酸盐的振动光谱归属，硬玉的689 cm-1拉曼位移峰和绿辉石679 cm-1拉曼位移峰属 Si-O-Si弯曲振动谱带，推测为Fe、Mg、Ca元素的类质同像替换现象所致，随着 Fe、Mg、Ca离子替换 Na 和 Al，使得 Si-O 键的键常增加，键力常数 K下降，从而振动频率往低频移动。\"}},{\"id\":\"u3l33xxio\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0f12eced-3f78-4042-ba74-04ca06fbc071.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"4mjki8kkg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 样品GO-16中3D扫描550~850 cm-1之间的特征峰变化\"}},{\"id\":\"943bl848v\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6decdc9c-4092-46be-b3fe-afd1c031f9f9.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"35drxxzco\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图  样品GO-16（Z=27μm）区域示意图绿色区域是硬玉，红色区域代表是绿辉石。\"}},{\"id\":\"vegt113va\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"X射线荧光光谱分析\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"9i0p195f0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"采用X射线荧光光谱仪对缅甸和危地马拉的翡翠样品进行测试，该方法可以激发出Al、Ca、Fe、Cr等元素，每一个样品选择2-5个不同的位置进行测试。经过对比发现，两个产地的样品的元素Al、Ca、Ti、 Cr 、Fe、Ni存在明显差异。\"}},{\"id\":\"sdvibs3sy\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表 缅甸和危地马拉翡翠中元素含量分析表（单位：ppm）\"}},{\"id\":\"r5megnou2\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\",\"Col 3\",\"Col 4\",\"Col 5\",\"Col 6\",\"Col 7\",\"Col 8\"],\"rows\":[[\"产地\",\"\",\"Al\",\"Ca\",\"Ti\",\"Cr\",\"Fe\",\"Ni\"],[\"缅甸\",\"最大值\",\"86,360\",\"29,050\",\"1,252\",\"1252\",\"19,270\",\"380\"],[\"最小值\",\"29,250\",\"2,836\",\"282\",\"32\",\"3,489\",\"22\"],[\"平均值\",\"64,352\",\"9,659\",\"658\",\"564\",\"9,326\",\"95\"],[\"危地马拉\",\"最大值\",\"52,500\",\"37,770\",\"2,392\",\"1,849\",\"19,680\",\"1,175\"],[\"最小值\",\"27,460\",\"13,410\",\"571\",\"129\",\"11,690\",\"256\"],[\"平均值\",\"38,153\",\"24,361\",\"1,061\",\"958\",\"14,698\",\"618\"]]}},{\"id\":\"2sjluig5s\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"缅甸翡翠中明显含有较高的Al元素，最高可达86360 ppm，而危地马拉翡翠明显含有较高的Ca，最高可达37770 ppm，两者相比之下，缅甸翡翠中的Ti、 Cr 、Fe、Ni含量相对较低。经过Ca/Al元素对比可以将两个产地区分开。\"}},{\"id\":\"e9edv7wwq\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/9a16cd4a-2e95-4ead-a1de-c93936ba134e.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"ladg6vdbg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图 缅甸和危地马拉翡翠的Ca/Al分布图\"}},{\"id\":\"c774deqac\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"报告\"}},{\"id\":\"mivahx04m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"丰富完备的数据库是翡翠产地判定准确性和可靠性的科学保障。经过大量细致全面的翡翠产地研究，目前，GUILD宝石实验室可以针对翡翠出具缅甸和危地马拉产地。\"}},{\"id\":\"648gp3cqy\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e3be787c-8573-4fcf-8ee6-f0c69c880c24.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"rtwplzn5e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"GUILD宝石实验室缅甸翡翠产地报告Sample\"}},{\"id\":\"3o73jbo2j\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0f4d09ef-57b8-45dd-ba2e-aeb1bf87c5c4.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"shr7gmhlp\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"GUILD宝石实验室危地马拉翡翠产地报告Sample\"}},{\"id\":\"964e8jcxx\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"结语\"}},{\"id\":\"970p7dini\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"先进的检测技术手段一直以来都是推动宝玉石研究、检测工作中至关重要的要素之一。GUILD针对翡翠产地细致深入的研究，为绿色翡翠的产地判别提供了科学依据，为消费者提供有力的保障，也为规范翡翠市场、促进翡翠产业的健康发展做出了贡献。\"}},{\"id\":\"pswl5vonz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"作者：甄翠玲\"}}]}","市场上宝石级的翡翠大部分来自缅甸，一直深受消费者的喜爱，近期，危地马拉的翡翠也不断涌入中国市场。 近期，GUILD宝石学家采集大量绿色缅甸和危地马拉翡翠样品，从基础宝石学性质、显微观察、红外光谱、紫外光谱、拉曼光谱及X射线荧光光谱等方面进行深入细致的研究，旨在探究两个产地绿色翡翠宝石学性质、谱学特征和矿物组成，为绿色翡翠的产地判别提供依据，为规范翡翠市场提供帮助。 何为翡翠？ 根据国标GB/T 1...","Unveiling the Origin Determination of Green Feicui(Jadeite) from Burma and Guatemala","{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"fnf58yqvd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Most gem-quality feicui on the market comes from Burma and has long been favored by consumers. In recent years, feicui from Guatemala has also been continuously entering the chinese market.\"}},{\"id\":\"7owl3xs5e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Recently, to investigate the gemological properties, spectroscopic characteristics, and mineral compositions of green feicui from Burma and Guatemala, provide a basis for origin determination of green feicui, and help regulate the feicui market, GUILD gemologists conducted an in-depth and detailed study in the  basic gemological properties, microscopic observation, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with a large number of green feicui samples from these two origins.\"}},{\"id\":\"65qamyxn2\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"What Is Feicui?\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"kioiitd7g\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"According to the Chinese national standard GB/T 16553-2017, the dominant mineral of feicui is jadeite, or jadeite together with other sodic and sodic-calcic pyroxenes (such as omphacite and kosmochlor), and small amounts of amphibole, feldspar, chromite, and other minerals can also present. Feicui is a cryptocrystalline to polycrystalline mineral aggregate formed mainly of pyroxene-group minerals [1].\"}},{\"id\":\"8fsomw6fk\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/29de8d6c-f45d-4bcd-8548-5b2fc04fd0f9.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"pjxysiq9u\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 1: A piece  rough of Guatemalan feicui. Photo courtesy of  GUILD Gem Laboratory.\"}},{\"id\":\"ckq7shjv3\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Occurrence and Origins of Feicui\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"dieb18qx0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Feicui forms under high-pressure, low-temperature geological environments within tectonic subduction zones and through complex processes such as plate subduction and multi-stage fluid metasomatism [2]. Feicui deposits occur primarily in Burma, but are also found in Guatemala, Russia, Kazakhstan, Japan, the United States, and elsewhere [3].\"}},{\"id\":\"9c56i5q20\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Feicui deposits in Burma are divided into primary and secondary deposits. Primary deposits are mainly distributed in serpentinized peridotite bodies in northern Burma, whereas secondary deposits are mainly located in the upper reaches of the Uru River basin [2]. In Guatemala, feicui occurs in serpentinite mélanges  on opposite sides of the Motagua fault[4].\"}},{\"id\":\"eb5ix0s89\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Basic Gemological Properties\"}},{\"id\":\"1liz9qgho\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\"],\"rows\":[[\"Variety\",\"Feicui\"],[\"Property\",\"Burma\",\"Guatemala\"],[\"Mineral composition\",\"Mainly jadeite, or jadeite together with other sodic and sodic-calcic pyroxenes (such as omphacite and kosmochlor), with minor amphibole, feldspar, chromite, etc.\"],[\"Color\",\"Green to deep green, with relatively high saturation and brightness.\",\"Deep grayish green, darker in tone, with black dotted minerals visible on the surface to the naked eye.\"],[\"Transparency\",\"Transparent to translucent\"],[\"Luster\",\"Vitreous\"],[\"Refractive index\",\"1.66 ±\",\"1.668–1.679\"],[\"Specific gravity\",\"3.32–3.33 (hydrostatic weighing; average of repeated tests)\"],[\"Fluorescence\",\"No fluorescence or phosphorescence under long-wave or short-wave UV\"]]}},{\"id\":\"s0cnx0qsn\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Note: The data in the table are measured values for the research samples.\"}},{\"id\":\"6mtqlwoma\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"In this study, 17 Burma feicui samples and 20 Guatemalan feicui samples were selected. Visual observation showed the following:\"}},{\"id\":\"u55hc224h\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Burma feicui shows green to deep green, with relatively high saturation and brightness. Green color concentrations are visible, and some color centers appear as transparent green crystals under transmitted light. The material shows fibrous interwoven structure, vitreous luster, and translucent to transparent appearance.\"}},{\"id\":\"iav8d1zlu\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Guatemalan feicui displays deep grayish green and deeper than Burma green Feicui. Black dotted minerals can be seen on the surface with the naked eye. In some samples, white flocculent or vein-like distributions are visible on the surface under reflected light, while these materials appear dark green under transmitted light. Overall, it shows  mylonitic structure, vitreous luster, and translucent  to transparent appearance.\"}},{\"id\":\"pcycuev4g\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/88284f9c-e58b-4989-89db-984237d912a1.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"b2h850yh5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 2. Green Burma feicui samples. Photo courtesy of  GUILD Gem Laboratory.\"}},{\"id\":\"po4euaseb\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\".\"}},{\"id\":\"xqrc05ils\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/f248c9f1-5946-4065-b591-9bb42bcd3d8b.png\",\"caption\":\"Green Guatemalan feicui samples. Photo courtesy of  GUILD Gem Laboratory.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"aydovpoxl\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\".\"}},{\"id\":\"nompabikj\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Microscopic Observation\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"a99oqvc7m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The green areas in Burma feicui are distributed in vein-like, scattered dot-like, or patchy forms. White minerals occur in snowflake-like patterns interwoven with the main crystals. Brown flaky minerals and dark prismatic minerals are occasionally observed.\"}},{\"id\":\"60yr1rcti\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"In Guatemalan feicui, white minerals commonly appear in vein-like distributions, showing white under reflected light and gray under transmitted light. Conical, clustered, irregular blocky, and platy dark minerals with strong metallic luster are observed, and these dark minerals were not observed in the Burma Feicui samples.\"}},{\"id\":\"6grysp6gw\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/dbf24890-f87c-4ef9-9a7a-107cb06defb0.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"sdghy4vt5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 4. Microscopic features of Burma feicui: (a) green color band with vein-like distribution; (b) white minerals with snowflake-like distribution; (c) exposed brown flaky mineral; (d) scattered deep green dots; (e) dark prismatic minerals and fibrous interwoven texture; (f) patchy green distribution.\"}},{\"id\":\"rygf5b61y\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/23eec3b3-4a3b-4900-8b3f-9f0c5e07d1b6.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"wgejequr8\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 5. Microscopic features of Guatemalan feicui: (a) abundant white clustered minerals on the surface; (b) exposed irregular dark minerals; (c) irregular dark minerals within the sample; (d) interwoven light-green prismatic minerals; (e) white vein-like minerals on the surface; (f) clustered dark minerals with metallic luster; (g) conical dark inclusions; (h) regular dark inclusions; (i) deep platy omphacite; (j) irregular dark minerals with metallic luster; (k) white flocculent jadeite; (l) white snowflake-like material.\"}},{\"id\":\"1uhik2p40\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"90c92bk3m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Pyroxene-group minerals are chain silicates in which SiO4 tetrahedras are linked by two shared corners to form chains extending along the c-axis. Two kinds of interchain sites are present: the octahedral M1 site and the irregular octahedral M2 site. The pyroxene chemical formula can be expressed as M2M1[T2O6], where M2 is mainly occupied by Na2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Li+, while M1 is mainly occupied by Mn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, and Ti4+, and T is primarily Si4+ with subordinate Al3+.\"}},{\"id\":\"pg0kgqaq6\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The infrared spectroscopic  peaks of jadeite are  mainly concentrated at 1170, 1087, 960, 585, 530, and 470 cm-1, and that of omphacite are mainly concentrated at 1062, 960, 889, 650, 560, 520, 450, and 417 cm-1, with the typical characteristic feature that the 1062 cm-1 and 960 cm-1 peaks form mirror-image peaks.\"}},{\"id\":\"rh4qwhw06\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Infrared reflection spectra showed that both Burma and Guatemalan feicui samples belong to the pyroxene group, with peak positions shifted due to differences in the metal cations present. The principal constituent mineral of green Burma feicui is jadeite. By contrast, the infrared peak positions of Guatemalan feicui shift toward lower wavenumbers. In some samples, the principal constituent mineral is omphacite, while some others  is an intermediate phase between omphacite and jadeite.\"}},{\"id\":\"eu9hywyra\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 1 Assignment of infrared spectral vibration peaks and peak positions in different regions\"}},{\"id\":\"cs5gy2edk\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\",\"Col 3\",\"Col 4\"],\"rows\":[[\"Vibration type\",\"Absorption band\",\"Burma Feicui\",\"Guatemala Feicui\"],[\"Symmetric and asymmetric O-Si-O stretching\",\"1200–850 cm-1\",\"1173–1162; 1085–1080; 1049; 965; 853\",\"1160; 1076–1071; 961; 886\"],[\"Si-O-Si bending\",\"750–600 cm-1\",\"743; 666–661\",\"709; 656–652\"],[\"Si-O bending\",\"600–530 cm-1\",\"587–578\",\"578–567\"],[\"M-O stretching\",\"530–300 cm-1\",\"535–528; 472–462; 435\",\"526–525; 463–456; 418–415\"]]}},{\"id\":\"xexe2q5vi\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/12eaa0a0-1b62-437d-acd0-2361dc258e84.png\",\"caption\":\"nfrared reflection spectra of Burma feicui samples.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"9n85lhrtn\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e51a6298-1529-48a6-92c8-71fc78b303a4.png\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"pnvvwan2b\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e78e63b1-65d5-4d4f-bda3-9ce507e965fe.png\",\"caption\":\"Infrared reflection spectra of Guatemalan feicui samples.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"qtko31bne\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"fmrfqzfdo\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"According to previous studies [2], different colors of feicui all shows an  absorption peak at 437 nm (related to Fe3+) in the UV-visible spectrum. The green color of  feicui in Burma results from Cr3+ substituting for Al3+ in jadeite, and the Cr content affects the intensity of the green tone.\"}},{\"id\":\"km9uvfiif\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The UV-Vis absorption spectra of green Burma feicui show peaks at 370 nm or 382 nm, which may also occur simultaneously; a strong absorption peak at 437 nm; an occasional absorption peak at 450 nm; strong absorption peaks near 635, 660, and 690 nm (related to Cr); and occasionally a relatively weak absorption band at 860–900 nm.\"}},{\"id\":\"ep7q4s40y\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The UV-Vis absorption spectra of green Guatemalan feicui mainly fall into two types.\"}},{\"id\":\"yez0v8jfo\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"One type resembles spectra of green Burma feicui and shows absorption peaks at 379 nm or 382 nm (related to Fe3+), a absorption peak at 437 nm, distinct strong absorption peaks at 635, 660, and 690 nm (related to Cr2+ ), and a relatively weak absorption band at 940 nm.\"}},{\"id\":\"ecyjh5r62\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The other type UV-Vis spectra is characterized mainly by partial absorption in the red and yellow-green regions, concentrated in broad bands around 600–620 nm, 730–760 nm, and 940 nm, and may even show complete absorption from the red region to the yellow-green region. When Fe2+ undergoes electronic transitions in an octahedral crystal field, it usually forms a broad absorption band extending from the infrared edge into the red region, and even into the yellow-green region [7].\"}},{\"id\":\"6djmdvkoo\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2cea191b-fdd5-4d37-ad74-efd86dbb4609.png\",\"caption\":\"UV-visible absorption spectra of Burma feicui.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"36agqaxgc\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbd5c40e-6459-42d6-8880-7344303f3e44.png\",\"caption\":\"UV-visible absorption spectra of Guatemalan feicui.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"10kq7erd8\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman Spectroscopic Analysis\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"k3oxj6b5g\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Multiple points on different parts of each sample was tested by Raman spectrometer, as Feicui is a polycrystalline aggregate. Previous studies have shown that the principal Raman shifts of jadeite occur at 1036, 991, 777, 698, 574, 525, 427, 375, 328, and 206 cm-1. which shows strongest peaks at 1036 cm-1 and 698 cm-1. The 1036 cm-1 peak corresponds to Si-O stretching, and the 698 cm-1 peak corresponds to the Si-O-Si bending band [9]. The principal Raman spectrum peaks of omphacite [8] dispalays at 1020, 678, 369, and 212 cm-1, which shows the strongest peaks at 1020 cm-1 and 678 cm-1.\"}},{\"id\":\"kazjq3e53\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Green Burma feicui is dominated by jadeite, though omphacite can be detected in some areas. By contrast, green Guatemalan feicui is dominated by omphacite and may contain jadeite in some parts. Other secondary minerals were also detected at different points in different samples.\"}},{\"id\":\"tf501atmi\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Burma Feicui\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"h1tgv8k71\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Multiple-point Raman spectrometer testing was carried out on Burma feicui samples, especially on different colored parts. Raman spectrum analysis of sample BJ-01 showed typical jadeite characteristic peaks.\"}},{\"id\":\"gnlfg3vk5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman spectrum showed that the light-colored and deep-green parts of green Burma feicui sample BJ-02 may be omphacite. Raman shift at 1082 and 278 cm-1 were also observed in the light-colored areas. Comparison with reference data showed that the main Raman shift of calcite occur at 1085, 711, 281, and 154 cm-1, suggesting the presence of calcite in this sample.\"}},{\"id\":\"ynv40phj1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Overall, the principal constituent mineral of green Burma feicui is jadeite, and the secondary minerals include omphacite and calcite.\"}},{\"id\":\"ij8cijkld\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6e2b129f-0284-45c3-8790-26879988c336.png\",\"caption\":\"Raman spectrum of green Burma feicui sample BJ-01.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"r9fywcyx7\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/4381749f-856b-4c07-9bfe-82998d25b72e.png\",\"caption\":\"Raman spectrum of green Burma feicui sample BJ-02.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"38t6j236l\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Guatemalan Feicui\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"ybfvwtz41\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Green guatemalan feicui commonly contains irregular dark minerals with metallic luster appearing in clusters or dots. Raman spectrum of sample GO-05 identified these dark minerals as amorphous carbon.\"}},{\"id\":\"7fngcp0co\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Deep-green prismatic crystals in sample GO-10 were identified as omphacite by Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrum of other parts of the sample also revealed the typical peaks of both jadeite and omphacite, indicating that both minerals are present in this sample GO-10.\"}},{\"id\":\"quq0zomlm\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman spectrum of the green Guatemalan feicui sample GO-16 revealed typical omphacite characteristic peaks, along with a weak Raman shift at 204 cm-1 attributable to jadeite. The white flocculent part in the sample was identified as jadeite with a Raman shift at 695 cm-1.\"}},{\"id\":\"ot8w5kbkc\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/440ad3f3-64fb-4516-8e21-5246e049d6a1.png\",\"caption\":\"Raman spectrum of dark carbon inclusions in Guatemalan feicui sample GO-05.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"48og9g7k0\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/55d0af7c-7a8c-411d-b4a8-d37ca0b15697.png\",\"caption\":\"Raman spectrum of Guatemalan feicui sample GO-10.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"hug3dner1\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/fed2bc86-4088-498a-8cb1-afcdfe23d1be.png\",\"caption\":\"Raman spectrum of the white mineral in Guatemalan feicui sample GO-16.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"v2c4nat0i\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman 3D Mapping\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"4aa9ho2h3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman 3D mapping technology elevates the application of Raman spectroscopy to a new level. It can display the minute differences in specific selected areas of the feicui  in a more vivid and intuitive manner. By combining the micro-Raman spectrometer with a three-dimensional movable sample stage, the position of the confocal laser beam can be precisely adjusted for in-depth testing of selected inclusions. At the same time, 3D mapping can be used to scan selected areas in greater detail and obtain comprehensive information on the internal mineral distribution of feicui.\"}},{\"id\":\"v3pa0sdg9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"To further observe the mineral composition of Guatemalan feicui, a flat and smooth surface of the sample GO-16 was selected for 3D scanning.\"}},{\"id\":\"z5lnb6zqv\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The variation in characteristic peaks between 550 and 850 cm-1 showed the following: (1) within this range, a single peak appears at 679 cm-1 at first; (2) the initially strong 679 cm-1 Raman peak gradually weakens and shifts toward higher frequency, while the 688 cm-1 peak gradually appears and strengthens; (3) the 679 cm-1 peak gradually disappears and the 689 cm-1 peak exists as a single peak; (4) the 689 cm-1 peak gradually weakens and shifts toward lower frequency, while the 679 cm-1 peak gradually reappears and strengthens, and finally the 689 cm-1 peak disappears.\"}},{\"id\":\"cs44b6odg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"At Z = 27 μm in the Raman test, the characteristic peaks of both omphacite and jadeite can be observed simultaneously according to the 679 cm-1 and 689 cm-1 peaks are the typcal peaks of omphacite and jadeite respectively. Reconstructed structural data for this area of the sample show that the green region represents jadeite and the red region represents omphacite. This indicates that omphacite and jadeite are interwoven in guatemalan feicui. According to the vibrational spectral assignment of chain silicates, the 689 cm-1 Raman shift (related to jadeite) and the 679 cm-1 Raman shift (related to omphacite) belong to the Si-O-Si bending band. The Raman shift toward lower frequency is inferred to result from isomorphic substitution involving Fe, Mg, and Ca, where replacement of Na and Al by Fe, Mg, and Ca increases the Si-O bond length, lowers the force constant K, and thus decreases the vibrational frequency.\"}},{\"id\":\"ikh7suwbw\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/055a7d9e-9265-4fe7-9def-88e4c78f460f.png\",\"caption\":\"Variation of characteristic peaks between 550 and 850 cm-1 in the Raman 3D mapping of sample GO-16.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"5go60pph8\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/113cc0e6-d7e7-469f-bccc-c90aab68b4dc.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Schematic of the smaple GO-16 area at Z = 27 μm: the green region represents jadeite and the red region represents omphacite.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"lccnq4aul\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic Analysis\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"gip90cpu5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Feicui samples from Burma and Guatemala were tested by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. This method can excite elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, and Cr. Two to five different positions were tested on each sample. Comparison showed obvious differences in Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni between the two origins.\"}},{\"id\":\"ajhjzrpd0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table2 Analysis of element Contents in feicui from burma and guatemala\"}},{\"id\":\"01mztukxn\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[\"Col 1\",\"Col 2\",\"Col 3\",\"Col 4\",\"Col 5\",\"Col 6\",\"Col 7\"],\"rows\":[[\"Origin / Statistic\",\"Al\",\"Ca\",\"Ti\",\"Cr\",\"Fe\",\"Ni\"],[\"Burma (max)\",\"86,360\",\"29,050\",\"1,252\",\"1,252\",\"19,270\",\"380\"],[\"Burma (min)\",\"29,250\",\"2,836\",\"282\",\"32\",\"3,489\",\"22\"],[\"Burma (avg)\",\"64,352\",\"9,659\",\"658\",\"564\",\"9,326\",\"95\"],[\"Guatemala (max)\",\"52,500\",\"37,770\",\"2,392\",\"1,849\",\"19,680\",\"1,175\"],[\"Guatemala (min)\",\"27,460\",\"13,410\",\"571\",\"129\",\"11,690\",\"256\"],[\"Guatemala (avg)\",\"38,153\",\"24,361\",\"1,061\",\"958\",\"14,698\",\"618\"]]}},{\"id\":\"wdweyujf4\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Burma feicui contains distinctly higher Al, reaching up to 86,360 ppm, whereas guatemalan feicui contains distinctly higher Ca, reaching up to 37,770 ppm. Compared with Guatemalan feicui, Burma feicui has relatively lower Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni contents. The two origins can be distinguished by comparing Ca/Al ratios.\"}},{\"id\":\"04y5esi2j\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e9cc8431-3dee-4dd8-b6b4-b04cb2ffc271.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"Ca/Al distribution of burma and guatemalan feicui.\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"m78fj135u\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Reports\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"ium53z2ur\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"A rich and comprehensive database is the scientific guarantee for the accuracy and reliability of Feicui origin determination. Following extensive, detailed, and systematic origin studies, GUILD Gem Laboratory is currently able to issue origin reports for feicui from Burma and Guatemala.\"}},{\"id\":\"kbexdv8aa\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/22c16379-e076-4ef2-8fdd-821898bfb3dc.png\",\"caption\":\"GUILD Gem Laboratory Burma Feicui Origin Report — Sample\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"1yf8d92nd\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ab9e3dc5-fedf-4b3f-a75c-ac5561c9ada6.png\",\"caption\":\"GUILD Gem Laboratory Guatemala Feicui Origin Report — Sample\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"5h3cjl9ip\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"EPILOGUE\",\"level\":1}},{\"id\":\"3a9cjk15l\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Advanced detection technologies have always been one of the crucial factors driving research and detection of gem stones. The detailed and in-depth research conducted by GUILD  Gem Laboratories on feicui origins provides a scientific basis for the origin determination of green feicui, offers strong protection for consumers, and contributes to the standardization of the feicui market and the healthy development of the feicui industry.\"}},{\"id\":\"x5ohtsnsy\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"References\"}},{\"id\":\"4d64ryyw0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[1] Ouyang Qiumei. Mineral Composition of Jadeite Jade. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 1999, 1(1): 18-23.\"}},{\"id\":\"uy0xq1r4k\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[2] Li Yali. Gemology Course. China University of Geosciences Press, 2006: 287.\"}},{\"id\":\"modcovccg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[3] Shi Guanghai, Lei Weiyan. Origins and Characteristics of Feicui in the World. Forbidden City, 2018, No. 280(05): 44-55.\"}},{\"id\":\"46ybr4dek\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[4] Hargett D. Jadeite of Guatemala: A Contemporary View. Gems & Gemology, 2008, 26(2): 134-141.\"}},{\"id\":\"rhen9qwdk\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[5] Ouyang Qiumei, Qu Yihua. Characteristics of Western Sayan Jadeite Jade deposite in Russia. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 1999, 1(2): 5-11.\"}},{\"id\":\"9hzb9gnrh\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[6] Zheng Ting. The Study on Gemological and Mineralogical Characteristics of Guatemala Green Feicui. China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2015: 50-52.\"}},{\"id\":\"ekaal6cc4\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[7] Yuan Xinqiang, Qi Lijian, Du Guangpeng, et al.UV-VIS-N IR Spectrum of Jadeite Jade from Burma. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 2003, 4(5): 1-6.\"}},{\"id\":\"585f84vkd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[8] Lin C L, He X M, Lu Z Y, et al. Phase Composition and Genesis of Pyroxenic Jadeite from Guatemala: Insights from Cathodoluminescence. RSC Advances, 2020, 10(27): 15937-15946.\"}},{\"id\":\"9esj4jybd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"[9] Chen Quanli, Yin Zuowei, Bu Yuewen, et al. Raman Spectroscopy study on the Mineral Composition of Guatemalan Jade. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2012, 32(9): 2447-2451.\"}}]}","Most gem-quality feicui on the market comes from Burma and has long been favored by consumers. In recent years, feicui from Guatemala has also been continuously entering the chinese market. Recently, ...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b86f34bf-aebd-47d6-8f6e-2a34304b5a83.jpg","2026-03-31T09:46:35","samuel","2026-03-31T09:58:16","2025-04-17T10:00:00",[],[387],{"id":144,"url":388,"name":389},"https://strict-static.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/new/papers/Unveiling%20the%20Origin%20Determination%20of%20Green%20Feicui%20from%20Burma%20and%20Guatemala.pdf","Research Paper",1778126637472]