[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":325},["ShallowReactive",2],{"header-nav-data":3,"related-papers-en":269,"paper-en-阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体拉曼光谱研究":304},{"reports":4,"labs":108,"courses":226},[5,35,54,72,90],{"id":6,"slug":7,"name":8,"name_zh":9,"tagline":10,"tagline_zh":11,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":14,"created_at":15,"last_updated_at":16,"available_categories":17,"available_locations":21,"images":26},5,"guild-folio","GUILD FOLIO","高级报告","FOLIO Report is a professionally profound and uniquely insightful gemological document, meticulously bespoke for collector-grade jewelry and presented as a premium, book-bound masterpiece within an elegant gift box.","FOLIO 报告是一份具有专业深度和独特见解的宝石学报告，为收藏级珠宝精心定制，并以高级精装书卷的形式呈现在优雅的礼盒中。",null,true,70,"2026-02-06T11:31:22","2026-03-30T17:25:34",[18,19,20],"colored-stones","feicui","pearl",[22,23,24,25],"china-mainland","thailand","sri-lanka","hongkong",[27,31],{"id":28,"image_url":29,"image_type":30},10,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b85464b6-14f4-4346-8fe3-4fbb30faf542.png","transparent_clean_shot",{"id":32,"image_url":33,"image_type":34},16,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1aadc859-3c3f-43cc-80ac-318a4d52b457.jpg","atmospheric_contextual",{"id":36,"slug":37,"name":38,"name_zh":39,"tagline":40,"tagline_zh":41,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":43,"last_updated_at":44,"available_categories":45,"available_locations":46,"images":47},1,"standard-report","Standard Report","常规检测报告","Standard Report provides a versatile diagnostic framework for all colored gemstone varieties, delivering critical data on identification, treatment status, and color grading to establish a comprehensive profile for every specimen.","常规报告为彩色宝石品种提供了一个多功能的鉴定框架，提供关于鉴定、优化处理和颜色分级的关键数据，为每一颗标本建立全面的档案。",50,"2026-02-06T11:07:09","2026-03-30T17:18:27",[18,19],[23,24,25,22],[48,51],{"id":49,"image_url":50,"image_type":30},13,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/72303f7d-3498-4f8f-b084-dfdd23a8cb88.png",{"id":52,"image_url":53,"image_type":34},14,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b3bbc130-04c4-477f-81d9-512ba6491353.jpg",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"name_zh":58,"tagline":59,"tagline_zh":60,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":62,"last_updated_at":63,"available_categories":64,"available_locations":65,"images":66},3,"pearl-grading-report","Pearl Grading Report","珍珠分级鉴定报告","It offers a comprehensive gemological analysis for all pearl categories, featuring a structured four-part layout—Certificate Information, Pearl Information, Identification Details, and Key Conclusions—to cover every essential detail for buyers.","该报告为所有珍珠类别提供全面的宝石学分析，采用结构化的四部分布局——证书信息、珍珠信息、检测细节和关键结论——涵盖消费者关注的每一个核心细节。",30,"2026-02-06T11:25:33","2026-03-30T17:22:39",[20],[22],[67,69],{"id":6,"image_url":68,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6d3b2d1-cdd9-42dd-be4d-75ded1bfae09.jpg",{"id":70,"image_url":71,"image_type":30},6,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6c4c7330-51e8-4b2e-af46-f217e3a6e0e5.png",{"id":73,"slug":74,"name":75,"name_zh":76,"tagline":77,"tagline_zh":78,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":80,"last_updated_at":81,"available_categories":82,"available_locations":83,"images":84},2,"dossier-report","Dossier Report","Dossier报告","Dossier Report is a streamlined gemological document specifically engineered for colored stones under one carat, offering highly efficient identification, color grading, and origin determination across all gemstone varieties.","Dossier 报告是专为一克拉以下的彩色宝石设计的精简版宝石证书，为各类宝石提供高效的鉴定、颜色分级和产地鉴定服务。",25,"2026-02-06T11:22:28","2026-03-30T17:21:00",[18],[22,23,24,25],[85,87],{"id":55,"image_url":86,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/77d5bd95-75cd-423d-aea9-0f276bee3e61.jpg",{"id":88,"image_url":89,"image_type":30},4,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bfca818a-3561-4679-8b22-e1da9bf98dd5.png",{"id":70,"slug":91,"name":92,"name_zh":93,"tagline":94,"tagline_zh":95,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":97,"last_updated_at":98,"available_categories":99,"available_locations":100,"images":101},"prestige-report","Prestige Report","尊享报告","GUILD Prestige Report is a sophisticated gemological document tailored for high-end colored stones and pearls, offering a deep-dive analysis of a gemstone’s aesthetic dimensions and providing a unique, individualized evaluation for every specimen.","GUILD 尊享报告是为高端彩色宝石和珍珠量身定制的高级宝石报告，提供对宝石美学维度的深度分析，并为每一件标本提供独特的个体化评价。",20,"2026-02-06T11:33:19","2026-03-30T17:47:36",[18,19],[22,23,24,25],[102,105],{"id":103,"image_url":104,"image_type":34},11,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/10ac604a-d1c2-49f4-bafe-24ada49cfaa0.jpg",{"id":106,"image_url":107,"image_type":30},12,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3fd95c04-17fe-40e1-a57e-181f838d6211.png",[109,129,147,162,178,194,209],{"id":36,"lab_id":110,"name":111,"name_zh":112,"city":113,"city_zh":114,"country":115,"country_zh":116,"address":117,"address_zh":117,"phone":118,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":121,"city_image_url":122,"interior_images":123,"is_published":13,"sort_order":126,"created_at":127,"last_updated_at":128},"sri-lanka-laboratory","Sri Lanka Laboratory","斯里兰卡实验室","Beruwala","贝鲁瓦拉","Sri Lanka","斯里兰卡","3/4/5/6 Floor, Zam Gems Building, 44/1, Sheik Fassy Mawatha, China Fort, Beruwala, Sri Lanka","+0094 342214443","info@guildgemlab.com","","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbf95b5c-699a-4aa1-9e2e-37650d1df384.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/07415349-1198-4c45-b855-1c0baf069e4b.png",[124,125],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1ecc8af1-f6b1-406d-9c56-f232e1606e3c.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0be76daf-5ca6-47ac-88e8-3e1405d5c35b.png",60,"2026-03-10T17:00:14","2026-03-17T16:57:14",{"id":70,"lab_id":130,"name":131,"name_zh":132,"city":133,"city_zh":134,"country":135,"country_zh":136,"address":137,"address_zh":138,"phone":139,"email":140,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":141,"city_image_url":142,"interior_images":143,"is_published":13,"sort_order":144,"created_at":145,"last_updated_at":146},"bangkok-laboratory","Bangkok Laboratory","曼谷实验室","Bangkok","曼谷","Thailand","泰国","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Si Lom Rd, Silom, Bang Rak, Bangkok, Thailand","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Silom road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, Thailand., 10500","+66 (0) 21265408","fangjuan@guildgemlab.com","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/92c49c5b-75c7-4adf-ae2b-fdf21b930dec.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2b1c353d-5f67-42a3-814a-8337de6f70e1.jpg",[],35,"2026-03-10T17:14:49","2026-03-16T16:44:33",{"id":73,"lab_id":148,"name":149,"name_zh":150,"city":151,"city_zh":152,"country":153,"country_zh":154,"address":155,"address_zh":155,"phone":156,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":157,"city_image_url":158,"interior_images":159,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":160,"last_updated_at":161},"los-angeles-laboratory","Los Angeles Laboratory","洛杉矶实验室","Los Angeles","洛杉矶","United States","美国","550 South Hill Street, Suite 1188, Los Angeles, CA90013, USA","+1 2136240137","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ea476e65-bb43-4ce4-8189-133c794a861a.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6153020-c94c-4bcc-9df9-0fc39e5d9fd2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:01:22","2026-03-17T16:57:45",{"id":55,"lab_id":163,"name":164,"name_zh":165,"city":166,"city_zh":167,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":170,"address_zh":171,"phone":172,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":173,"city_image_url":174,"interior_images":175,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":176,"last_updated_at":177},"hong-kong-laboratory","Hong Kong Laboratory","香港实验室","Hong Kong","香港","China","中国","Flat 512B,Fu Hang Industrial Building, 1 Hok Yuen Street East, Hung Hom, Kowloon City District, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","香港九龙城区红磡鹤园东街1号富恒工业大厦512B室","+852 59751280","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a8009f44-a00a-406c-9a76-b690abb00f16.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e69f75d5-665f-4536-82ce-3590737f11d2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:05:06","2026-03-19T09:42:21",{"id":88,"lab_id":179,"name":180,"name_zh":181,"city":182,"city_zh":183,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":184,"address_zh":185,"phone":186,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":187,"city_image_url":188,"interior_images":189,"is_published":13,"sort_order":191,"created_at":192,"last_updated_at":193},"shenzhen-laboratory","Shenzhen Laboratory","深圳实验室","Shenzhen","深圳","Room 3C08, Addcon Building, Shuibei 1st Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China","深圳市 罗湖区 翠竹街道 翠锦社区 翠竹路 2099号 爱得康大厦 三层 C08","+86 4008866175","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbe15c7b-ced1-41e2-bd1e-ce12300e662b.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d0f51c46-8cdf-4505-a1b5-e75ec1cdb561.jpg",[190],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/f215d30f-ea6c-4b5f-beb6-793cffbcf0ca.png",23,"2026-03-10T17:10:22","2026-03-17T17:29:01",{"id":6,"lab_id":195,"name":196,"name_zh":197,"city":198,"city_zh":199,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":200,"address_zh":201,"phone":202,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":203,"city_image_url":204,"interior_images":205,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":207,"last_updated_at":208},"zhuji-laboratory","Zhuji Laboratory","诸暨实验室","Zhuji","诸暨","Rooms B0419-B0421,  Building B04,  Phase 1 Market,  East China International Jewelry City,  Shanxiahu Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","浙江省 绍兴市 诸暨市 山下湖镇 华东国际珠宝城一期市场 B04栋 B0419-B0421","+86 133 0231 0256","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6778c28-4699-4fce-82ad-4fea005d3404.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6bd5b54f-9299-4218-9e48-5fb50140a83d.jpg",[206],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ab2a559d-a0bb-4272-bed5-d9616e921a0d.png","2026-03-10T17:12:13","2026-03-20T15:25:06",{"id":210,"lab_id":211,"name":212,"name_zh":213,"city":214,"city_zh":215,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":216,"address_zh":217,"phone":218,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":219,"city_image_url":220,"interior_images":221,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":224,"last_updated_at":225},7,"guangzhou-laboratory","Guangzhou Laboratory","广州实验室","Guangzhou","广州","Room 4095, Blue Port International Jewelry Trade Center, No. 300 Kangwang Middle Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","广州市 荔湾区 康王中路 蓝港（国际）珠宝交易中心 4楼 4095","+86 181 3828 3849","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3f79c542-bf42-4dff-b1de-7d5281f42555.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/43c9bae4-82b4-4c55-a39f-20f96ff606be.jpg",[222,223],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/c4d31919-3230-42a9-9fab-e00775bc93d2.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d69902ea-0d71-4d3c-bbfd-72bfe1f19057.jpg","2026-03-10T17:19:56","2026-03-20T17:41:24",[227,238,250,259],{"id":36,"slug":228,"level":229,"title":230,"title_en":231,"subtitle":232,"subtitle_en":233,"image_url":234,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":236,"last_updated_at":237},"advanced-emerald-identification-and-evaluation","intermediate","祖母绿鉴定与评估课程","Emerald Identification and Evaluation","深入探索祖母绿的奥秘世界","Deep Dive into the Mystical World of Emeralds","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/k07Y_1761530161.jpg","6","2026-03-10T15:14:21","2026-03-30T11:07:34",{"id":239,"slug":240,"level":241,"title":242,"title_en":243,"subtitle":244,"subtitle_en":245,"image_url":246,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":247,"created_at":248,"last_updated_at":249},9,"ruby-and-sapphire-identification-and-evaluation","advanced","红宝石与蓝宝石鉴定与评估课程","Ruby and Sapphire Identification and Evaluation","掌握刚玉宝石的鉴定精髓","Master the Essence of Corundum Gemstone Identification","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/6TEe_1761529854.jpg",40,"2026-03-10T15:19:30","2026-03-30T11:27:47",{"id":73,"slug":251,"level":241,"title":252,"title_en":253,"subtitle":254,"subtitle_en":255,"image_url":256,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":257,"last_updated_at":258},"colored-stones-identification-and-evaluation","彩色宝石鉴定与评估课程","Colored Stones Identification and Evaluation","探索彩色宝石的璀璨世界","Explore the Brilliant World of Colored Gemstones","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/news/news-hero-header-image.jpg","2026-03-10T15:15:51","2026-03-30T11:29:55",{"id":210,"slug":260,"level":241,"title":261,"title_en":262,"subtitle":263,"subtitle_en":264,"image_url":265,"duration":266,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":267,"last_updated_at":268},"pearls-identification-and-evaluation","珍珠鉴定与评估课程","Pearls Identification and Evaluation","揭开珍珠的优雅密码","Unlock the Elegant Secrets of Pearls","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/VaLd_1761529495.jpg","4","2026-03-10T15:19:14","2026-03-30T11:31:40",[270,290],{"id":126,"slug":271,"content_type":272,"title":273,"title_en":273,"excerpt":274,"excerpt_en":274,"featured_image_url":275,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":277,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":278,"created_at":279,"authors":280,"venue":281,"paper_published_date":279,"citation":282,"paper_type":283,"external_links":284,"attachments":285},"sugar-nephrite-from-the-altun-mountains-xinjiang-china","papers","'Sugar' Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China","Nephrite has a long history and profound culturalsignificance in China, along with a vast consumer market. In July 2025, author YG conducted a field trip to nephrite mining areas in the Xinjiang Uygur...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/35494227-9275-4a4e-bb92-a7077e0b8631.jpg","center",false,"2026-03-20T16:04:57","2025-03-01T00:00:00","Gao Yujie, Huang Tiantian, Lu Qi.","The Journal of Gemmology","[58] Gao Yujie, Huang Tiantian, Lu Qi. ‘Sugar’ Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China. (2025) The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 611-613.","journal",[],[286],{"id":287,"url":288,"name":289},26,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0c432edc-093b-4c46-b9fb-6fbe1caabf95.pdf","2025_‘Sugar’ Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China_Gao_JoG.pdf",{"id":291,"slug":292,"content_type":272,"title":293,"title_en":293,"excerpt":294,"excerpt_en":294,"featured_image_url":295,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":277,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":296,"created_at":279,"authors":297,"venue":281,"paper_published_date":279,"citation":298,"paper_type":283,"external_links":299,"attachments":300},59,"a-pink-sapphire-with-questionable-heat-treatment","A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment","A pink sapphire weighing over 20 ct was recently submitted to Guild Gem Laboratories, and it presented a particularly challenging case for the determination of heat treatment. According to the client,...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/256445b1-1fc3-4644-833f-970b36d61e1f.jpg","2026-03-20T16:03:47","Gao Yujie, Huang T.T, Andrew Christopher Lucas","Gao Yujie, Huang T.T, Andrew Christopher Lucas. (2025) A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 736-738.",[],[301],{"id":79,"url":302,"name":303},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ba39b48b-9ead-4403-a4ba-e85d0e9d62c4.pdf","2025_A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment_Gao_JoG.pdf",{"slug":305,"content_type_name":272,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"title":305,"content":306,"excerpt":307,"title_en":305,"content_en":306,"excerpt_en":307,"featured_image_url":308,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":277,"is_published":13,"published_at":309,"published_by_name":310,"authors":311,"venue":312,"paper_published_date":313,"citation":314,"paper_type":283,"last_updated_at":315,"last_updated_by_name":310,"id":316,"created_at":313,"is_deleted":277,"external_links":317,"attachments":321},"阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体拉曼光谱研究","{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"c00109f6c\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体拉曼光谱研究\"}},{\"id\":\"5a73d6df7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"黄甜甜，郜玉杰，孙雪莹，韩琦\"}},{\"id\":\"7a56697ae\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（吉尔德宝石实验室，广东 深圳 518000）\"}},{\"id\":\"ee7157b26\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"摘要：最初，传统意义的克什米尔蓝宝石仅指产于“Jammu and Kashmir”的蓝宝石，但近期越来越多相邻的地区会被叫做“克什米尔”，特别是产自巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德克什米尔（Azad-Kashmir）地区的蓝宝石。两个产地蓝宝石的价格有着较大的差异，故准确的鉴定两者产地有着非常重要的意义。采用激光拉曼光谱仪测试技术对阿扎德克什米尔蓝色和紫色蓝宝石样品的包裹体及相关谱学特征进行研究。结果表明，阿扎德克什米尔蓝色蓝宝石和紫色蓝宝石样品的包裹体相似，均含有石墨-气液包裹体组合，锆石与石墨组合，蓝色-紫色平行角状条带与生长纹。此外，蓝色蓝宝石样品中还发现管状包裹体等典型特征，紫色蓝宝石样品还出现了赤铁矿、水铝矿固体包裹体。阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体特征为其提供了产地鉴别的可能。阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨包裹体拉曼光谱的分析表明，其石墨包裹体结晶程度高，结晶度等级多为三，少数为二级，未出现结晶程度一级。根据石墨拉曼光谱的G（1580 cm-1）、D1（1350 cm-1）、D2（1620 cm-1）因子，应用碳物质拉曼光谱温度计计算石墨的形成温度表明，阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石母岩的变质峰期温度在600 ℃以上。\"}},{\"id\":\"b80df8b22\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"关键词：蓝宝石；包裹体；石墨；拉曼光谱；阿扎德克什米尔\"}},{\"id\":\"06b8a9b6a\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"中图分类号：TS93      文献标识码：A      文章编号：2096-9120（2022）05-0101-08\"}},{\"id\":\"babaaf928\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"DOI：10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2022.05.009\"}},{\"id\":\"586869ea2\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Raman Spectroscopic Study on Inclusion in Sapphire from Azad-Kashmir\"}},{\"id\":\"1b6436b0f\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Huang Tiantian, Gao Yujie, Sun Xueying, Han Qi\"}},{\"id\":\"7e034c988\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"(Guild Gem Laboratories, Shenzhen 518000, China)\"}},{\"id\":\"94d114f25\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Abstract: Initially, sapphire from Kashmir only refers to the sapphire from Kashmir valley located in “Jammu and Kashmir”. But recently, the locality has been expanded to encompass some neighboring areas, such as Azad-Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. However, there is a significant price difference between the classical Kashmir sapphire and other Kashmir sapphires. Therefore, it became essential to identify the specific origin of Kashmir sapphire. The inclusions and spectral characteristics of blue and purple sapphires from Azad-Kashmir were studied by micro-Raman spectrometer in this study. The test results show that the blue and purple sapphires bear similar inclusions, and they both contain zircon and graphite mineral inclusions. The typical inclusions are gas-liquid associated with graphite inclusion, as well as zircon, and graphite composite inclusion. Distinct blue-purple parallel angular bands and growth striations are observed. In addition, tube-like inclusions are found in blue sapphires. Hematite and diaspore crystal inclusions are found in purple samples. All the mineral inclusions mentioned above are identified by the micro-Raman spectrum. Further analysis of the graphite Raman spectrum was conducted in terms of the crystallization of the graphite. The results show that most graphite can be classified into medium to high crystallization grade, with no graphite showing a low crystallization level. Based on the G (1580 cm-1), D1 (1350 cm-1), and D2 (1620 cm-1) factors derived from the Raman spectrum of graphite, we apply the carbon material Raman spectroscopy thermometer to calculate the formation temperature of graphite. The results show that the peak metamorphic temperature of Azad-Kashmir sapphire parent rock is over 600 ℃.\"}},{\"id\":\"89e073d24\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Keywords: sapphire; inclusion; graphite; Raman spectroscopy; Azad-Kashmir\"}},{\"id\":\"7a7486dc5\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"蓝宝石在国际宝石交易市场上一直都受到消费者的追捧，其产地证明存在一定的溢价，因此鉴别蓝宝石的产地对于实验室检测显得尤为重要。克什米尔作为蓝宝石的传奇产地，自1881年发现以来就受到了消费者的喜爱。但在发现的一百年后，其出产量的锐减为该产地的蓝宝石蒙上了一层神秘的面纱[1]。传统意义上，克什米尔蓝宝石指的是位于“Jammu and Kashmir”的克什米尔山谷产出以其美丽的天鹅绒外观而闻名于世的蓝宝石，且其在市场上异常珍稀。目前，在宝石商贸上，有些宝石商家声明的“克什米尔蓝宝石”很有可能产自于克什米尔其它地区而不是传统意义上的“Jammu and Kashmir”。需要注意的是，两者蓝宝石的价格存在较大差异。因此，研究其它克什米尔地区蓝宝石的宝石学特征具有重大意义。阿扎德克什米尔（Azad-Kashmir）位于巴基斯坦控制的克什米尔与巴基斯坦北部之间，在其Batakundi-Basi地区曾被报道出产过粉色和紫色的蓝宝石[2-3]。目前，关于阿扎德克什米尔（Azad-Kashmir）蓝宝石的研究资料较少，故笔者通过显微放大观察、拉曼光谱等方法对阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品进行测试分析，旨在为其产地鉴别提供相关资料。\"}},{\"id\":\"e07295892\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"1 样品及测试方法\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"d927d7346\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"1.1 研究样品\"}},{\"id\":\"cf38a2309\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"本次实验一共7颗来自阿扎德克什米尔的刻面型蓝宝石样品，其中3颗为蓝色（编号B1-B3），重量分别为2.22、1.77、1.77 ct，4颗为紫色（编号P1-P4），重量分别为3.21、1.69、3.18 ct、3.05 ct；样品的折射率约为1.762-1.770，相对密度取平均值为4.05；样品B1-B3的颜色浓郁，样品B1带有轻微的紫色调。样品B2和B3的晶体干净，为品质较高的蓝宝石。样品B3中的包裹体发育丰富，有较好的研究价值；紫色蓝宝石样品P1-P4为中等饱和度的颜色。样品P2、P4的晶体较明亮，样品P1、P3呈现不同程度的雾状外观。\"}},{\"id\":\"9d8ec6d79\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/0340cdbed5eb4ac78860c3828731dc5b.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"2816b07a9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图1 阿扎德克什米尔蓝色蓝宝石和紫色蓝宝石样品\"}},{\"id\":\"2c1bff2ca\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 1 Blue and purple sapphires from Azad-Kashmir\"}},{\"id\":\"e18ba79e2\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"1.2 测试方法及条件\"}},{\"id\":\"3303c432a\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"对该类价值较高的蓝宝石样品采用无损的测试方法。显微观察采用莱卡显微镜配以不同的光源，最大放大倍数为80倍；采用HORIBA XploRA型激光拉曼光谱仪对蓝宝石样品进行测试分析，测试条件：温度25 ℃，湿度50%，激光波长473 nm，能量10%/1%，光栅1800，狭缝100 μm（Raman）/300 μm（PL）；采用Spectro Midex能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪对样品进行化学成分分析，在深圳吉尔德宝石实验室完成，光束直径为2 mm。\"}},{\"id\":\"e5a02b909\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2 测试结果与讨论\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"d853794a7\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.1 包裹体特征分析\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"7769c87a7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.1.1 气液包裹体与生长结构\"}},{\"id\":\"a30e4ac34\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中可见较多的气液包裹体，部分气液包裹体呈指纹状（图2a）；部分气液包裹体边缘常可见黑色石墨，并与石墨一起分散分布（图2b）；另外，气液包裹体呈较为厚重的状态（显微镜下颜色较深）且平行排列（图2c）；蓝色-紫色交替的平行角状条带发育较多，且平行于生长纹或双晶纹（图2d），这与Pardieu报道的阿扎德蓝宝石特征相符[2]；蓝宝石样品中还可见管状包裹体近乎垂直于双晶纹（图2d）、角状生长纹（图2e）、双晶纹与黄色次生物等特征包裹体（图2f）。\"}},{\"id\":\"0344ddab8\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/185fa64d0b134356a20998f21576e3e2.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"7e27e0bc2\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/4244afd288d740d9aabfa5ef594922af.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"1b2877b3b\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/03cc19a392704a56a59ffd14280b281d.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"7854d7d76\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"a；b；c；\"}},{\"id\":\"4c2a3021f\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/337db77c001b4c4ab36ee1d395f1511b.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"479794845\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/f0077a41304b41ed86ec9583c16ca869.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"bbfc430de\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/6244918a05ec4ce38b8fb26ed2c74f16.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"ea160f224\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"d；e；f.\"}},{\"id\":\"31a5a4ac1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图2 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中的包裹体特征：a. 蓝色样品中指纹状气液包裹体；b. 蓝色样品中气液包裹体与石墨；c. 蓝色样品中平行排列的半透明流体包裹体；d. 蓝色样品中平直的双晶纹垂直于生长管，平行双晶纹可见蓝色-紫色的平行条带；e. 紫色样品中角状生长纹；f. 紫色样品中黄色次生物和双晶纹\"}},{\"id\":\"065792d13\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 2 Inclusions in sapphires samples from Azad-Kashmir: a. Fingerprint shape gas-liquid inclusion in blue sample; b. Graphite and gas-liquid inclusion in blue sample; c. Parallel semi-transparent fluid inclusion in blue sample; d. Twin-striation with blue-purple colour parallel band perpendicular to the growth tube in blue sample; e. Angular grow lines in purple sample; f. Yellow secondary compounds and twin-striation in purple sample\"}},{\"id\":\"3fe0b5f36\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.1.2 固体包裹体及其组合\"}},{\"id\":\"fb5dc17da\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"通过拉曼光谱与显微镜下特征相结合，确定了包裹体的种类和形态。结果显示，阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中固体包裹体比较丰富，可见锆石、石墨、水铝矿、赤铁矿等固体包裹体（图3、图4）。锆石通常为拉长状，少部分呈椭圆状，并有轻微的剥蚀，其间常常可见黑色石墨，这是阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石典型的矿物组合（图4a）；石墨除了存在于锆石中外，还可呈片状独立存在，为不透明的黑色（图4b）。石墨存在于气液包裹体边缘，组成又一典型的石墨-气液包裹体组合（图4c）。部分石墨呈块状（图4d），推测为片状石墨包裹体堆积形成；水铝矿与石墨共同存在，在显微镜下难以区分边界；赤铁矿仅在紫色蓝宝石样品中发现，部分出露至表面，呈黄色，金属光泽，主要为倒锥状、块状、肾状（图4e）。此外，阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中还发现了白色絮状包裹体、雪花状包裹体（图4f）。\"}},{\"id\":\"9301b548e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品的包裹体特征总汇如表1所示，在蓝色和紫色蓝宝石样品中包裹体较为接近，均含有锆石、石墨固体包裹体，同时还存在各种不同的气液包裹体、石墨-气液包裹体组合、锆石与石墨组合以及蓝色-紫色平行角状条带与生长纹。其中，蓝色样品中发现管状包裹体，而紫色样品未发现。紫色蓝宝石样品中发现赤铁矿及水铝矿固体包裹体，在蓝色蓝宝石样品中未发现。总体而言，包裹体形态以及存在方式是显微镜下鉴别阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的关键。\"}},{\"id\":\"9855f28c2\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/67eb56d1ca2949db970b9a1a36bd7c01.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"5498c77bb\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/05ceaab1306b4e31a8b52c8a2852eebb.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"704cfac45\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"a; b;\"}},{\"id\":\"cd934311f\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/252fcb0523484cfe911f7c7ee1898f81.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"6e12d8bda\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/9c0f8ba89f584b189244ab381aec9c03.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"5a4ec5e79\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"c; d\"}},{\"id\":\"5964c4c51\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图3 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨（a）、锆石（b）、赤铁矿（c）和水铝矿（d）的拉曼光谱\"}},{\"id\":\"ffa57a96f\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 3 Raman spectra of the inclusions in the blue sapphires from Azad-Kashmir: graphite (a), zircon (b), hematite (c) and diaspore (d)\"}},{\"id\":\"2a58c3711\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/c4900ccda75d4fa9b17922a108bf2cc1.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"6b8125984\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/3927e78626764a7b834e9d0cbf13eb9d.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"95115a391\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/3923205f553547d1a896295fa2b5cf1c.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"3ea055710\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"a; b; c；\"}},{\"id\":\"046465fd8\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/25b8096202da42c0983ea5592e236788.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"8059c424d\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/fb54e04200284b90bcf9efc4b401c0b9.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"10be9da0c\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/d30ce4be401647f68d5920df203d7d4e.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"adb1e9c4d\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"d; e; f.\"}},{\"id\":\"5806a9b83\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图4 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中的固体包裹体：a. 蓝色样品中石墨与锆石组合，石墨位于拉长剥蚀的锆石中；b. 蓝色样品中片状石墨；c. 蓝色样品中石墨位于指纹状包裹体边缘；d. 紫色样品中块状石墨；e. 紫色样品中赤铁矿；f. 紫色样品中雪花状包裹体\"}},{\"id\":\"16f340638\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 4 Solid inclusions in sapphires samples from Azad-Kashmir: a. Graphite and zircon composite inclusions, graphite is in the middle of elongate corroded zircon in blue sample; b. Flake shape graphite in blue sample; c. Graphite located at the edge of the fingerprint-like inclusion in blue sample; d. Blocky graphite in purple sample; e. Hematite in purple sample; f. Snowflake-like inclusions in purple sample\"}},{\"id\":\"70a8ae136\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表1 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品的包裹体特征\"}},{\"id\":\"f25519294\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 1 Inclusions characteristics in the sapphires samples from Azad-Kashmir\"}},{\"id\":\"437bd0a6d\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"编号\",\"固体包裹体\",\"其它固体包裹体以及组合，气液包裹体与生长结构\"],[\"B1\",\"石墨，锆石\",\"气液包裹体、石墨-气液包裹体组合、锆石与石墨组合、雪花状包裹体\"],[\"B2\",\"石墨、锆石\",\"气液包裹体、石墨-气液包裹体组合、锆石与石墨组合、平行角状生长纹\"],[\"B3\",\"石墨，锆石\",\"石墨与锆石组合、平行双晶纹、平行流体包裹体、平行管状包裹体、蓝色-紫色平行角状条带与生长纹\"],[\"P1\",\"石墨，锆石\",\"石墨-气液包裹体组合、锆石与石墨组合、白色雾状包裹体、黄色次生物\"],[\"P2\",\"锆石、石墨、赤铁矿\",\"石墨-气液包裹体组合、生长纹、气液包裹体、黄色次生物\"],[\"P3\",\"锆石，石墨\",\"白色雾状包裹体\"],[\"P4\",\"石墨、锆石、赤铁矿、水铝矿\",\"气液包裹体、石墨-气液包裹体组合、锆石与石墨组合、蓝色-紫色平行角状条带与生长纹\"]]}},{\"id\":\"e646e33cd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.1.3 传统的克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体特征\"}},{\"id\":\"7056a2898\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"传统的克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体特征有拉长状受剥蚀的锆石及自形的针状锆石、细长针状或棱柱状韭角闪石、电气石、沥青铀矿、受剥蚀的斜长石、无色圆形长石、黝帘石、雪花状包裹体，白色乳状色带、愈合裂隙以及在假次生流体包裹体中细小的云雾状独立的流体包裹体等[1,4-8]，与阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品相比，独立拉长的锆石和雪花状包裹体为两个产地共同存在的包裹体。对于传统的克什米尔蓝宝石而言，白色乳状色带是其一个比较重要的特征，而阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石则通常出现紫色与蓝色相间色带。传统的克什米尔蓝宝石还拥有电气石、沥青铀矿、受剥蚀的斜长石及黝帘石等丰富的矿物包裹体，不管是在现有文献中还是本次研究阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中都未曾出现。\"}},{\"id\":\"49f571a3b\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.2 石墨结晶度分类及拉曼光谱温度计\",\"level\":3}},{\"id\":\"c1a6f6b3c\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在变质过程中，不稳定的碳物质随埋藏与变质过程会逐渐转变为稳定的石墨。碳物质石墨化程度即碳物质的结晶程度可以指示岩石经历的变质峰期温度，同时石墨化程度是不可逆的[9]。当石墨化程度较高时，碳原子层排列有序，层间间距较小，没有其他原子团，石墨的拉曼光谱表现为显著的G峰（1580 cm-1），而在晶格结构有限的情况下，石墨碳层边界缺陷会导致形成D1缺陷峰（1350 cm-1）；当石墨化程度较低时，由于晶格缺陷较多，光谱会表现出较多的缺陷峰，如频移在1620 cm-1（D2）、1510 cm-1（D3）和1245 cm-1（D4）的谱峰[12-13]。因此，根据石墨的拉曼光谱来测定其结晶度可以指示其所在母岩的变质峰期温度，对于变质岩的变质条件和形成及演化过程的探索存在重要的意义。\"}},{\"id\":\"9d2126d91\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.2.1 石墨的拉曼光谱分类\",\"level\":4}},{\"id\":\"abc02b646\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在前人的研究[12-13]中，碳物质的拉曼光谱可以指示其结晶程度，将其粗略地分为三类：（1）结晶程度一级。该级别的碳物质结晶程度较低，拉曼光谱比较复杂，在1350 cm-1（D1）和1580-1600 cm-1（G+D2）处有2个宽的重叠拉曼谱带，在1250 cm-1（D4）处有第3个谱带作为1350 cm-1处的肩带；（2）结晶程度二级。该级别的碳物质结晶程度中等到良好，拉曼光谱1250 cm-1（D4）消失，1350 cm-1（D1）下降，且1350 cm-1（D1）与1580 cm-1（G）之间的谱带下降，1580-1600 cm-1间的强度增加且峰形变窄，1620 cm-1（D2）变成一个较为清晰的肩峰；（3）结晶程度三级。该级别的碳物质结晶程度良好，拉曼光谱只有1350 cm-1（D1）和1580 cm-1（G），1350 cm-1（D1）波段较宽且强度较低，而1580 cm-1处的峰较强且较尖锐。在只有纯石墨的情况下，仅有G峰出现。\"}},{\"id\":\"a0b4108ff\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"对阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中的碳物质进行拉曼光谱测试并分类，结果（图5和表2）显示，在该蓝宝石样品中石墨包裹体共计23颗，其中，结晶程度一级为0颗，结晶程度二级7颗，结晶程度三级16颗。由此可见，阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨的结晶度较好。再采用Peakfit v4.12对石墨包裹体的拉曼光谱进行分峰拟合，选取1300-1700 cm-1范围并扣除荧光背景基线，选择Gauss + Lor Area函数进行峰位的读取和拟合，得到了石墨包裹体拉曼光谱G、D1、D2峰的峰位、强度、半高宽及面积。结晶程度二级和三级的主要区别是D2肩峰的有无。当拉曼光谱未出现明显的D2肩峰时，使用Peakfit v4.12能够拟合出较弱的D2峰。结合Peakfit v4.12分峰拟合数据与肉眼观察拉曼光谱进行结晶度分类，Rc为D2峰强度与G峰强度之间的比值，Rc=（D2/G）。通过观察石墨拉曼光谱判断结晶程度等级与Rc的值比较发现，D2峰不存在时Rc=0，为结晶程度三级；Rc小于1%时，结晶程度为三级；Rc大于1%时，结晶程度为二级。不同蓝宝石样品中石墨的结晶度如表2。\"}},{\"id\":\"fae93aaa0\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/456d9a8eda52432a86e72bd3a13c378c.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"9fbf085a6\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/62943c6a5da441f6aad8af300ae97b23.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"6cee2625d\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/6c527cac13254b9d82e60c1b6c688b1a.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"0d6024303\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"a;b;c.\"}},{\"id\":\"ffae22000\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图5 不同结晶程度的石墨包裹体拉曼光谱：a. 结晶程度二级；b、c. 结晶程度三级\"}},{\"id\":\"fc5d58cca\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 5 Different graphite crystallinity levels: a. Crystallinity level 2; b, c. Crystallinity level 3\"}},{\"id\":\"c9b3cd178\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表2 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中的石墨结晶度分级以及（D2/G）强度\"}},{\"id\":\"419381523\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 2 Graphite’s crystallinity level in different sapphires samples from Azad-Kashmir and the value of (D2/G) intensity\"}},{\"id\":\"1825c65eb\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"样品序号\",\"(D2/G)强度\",\"一级结晶度\",\"二级结晶度\",\"三级结晶度\"],[\"B1\",\"0-1.26%\",\"0\",\"1\",\"3\"],[\"B2\",\"0%\",\"0\",\"0\",\"4\"],[\"B3\",\"0-5.82%\",\"0\",\"1\",\"5\"],[\"P1\",\"2.34%-8.79%\",\"0\",\"2\",\"0\"],[\"P2\",\"0%\",\"0\",\"0\",\"4\"],[\"P3\",\"2.83%\",\"0\",\"1\",\"0\"],[\"P4\",\"1.91%-2.16%\",\"0\",\"2\",\"0\"],[\"合计\",\"\",\"0\",\"7\",\"16\"]]}},{\"id\":\"613494dc2\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"注：样品中的石墨无一级结晶度\"}},{\"id\":\"c5a82441f\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"2.2.2 石墨的拉曼光谱温度计\",\"level\":4}},{\"id\":\"1f89d1ccd\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"碳物质的结晶程度可作为变质等级的可靠指示标志，拉曼光谱是计算碳物质结晶程度的有效工具，同时碳物质结晶程度与变质峰期温度存在正相关[9]。碳物质拉曼的基本参数R1=（D1/G）；R2=（D1/G+D1+D2），与变质温度之间的线性关系构成了碳物质拉曼光谱温度计[14]。Rahl修订后得出适用于100 ℃-700 ℃公式：T=737.3+320.9R1-1067R2-80.638(R1)2[15]。\"}},{\"id\":\"575115bc2\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"因为本文石墨为刚玉内部的包裹体，为了更加准确地计算变质峰期温度，笔者只选用独立存在石墨包裹体的拉曼光谱进行计算，将拉曼处理得到的数据代入公式计算出变质峰期温度。\"}},{\"id\":\"40e7a4fad\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"在前人的研究中，多使用Peakfit进行分峰拟合。首先，阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨的结晶程度较高，可以预测其变质温度也较高，对于中高温度变质的石墨拉曼光谱，其荧光背景为近线性[9]。因此，使用Peakfit v4.12时统一进行线性拟合扣除荧光背景基线。田野[11]认为，不管变质温度高低的样品，均可用洛伦兹函数对光谱进行拟合[15]。N. K. Lünsdorf的实验结果表明，结晶程度为二级和三级时分峰与曲线拟合函数的选择不影响计算结果。在多次拟合尝试中，发现使用Gauss + Lor Area对光谱进行拟合效果最好（拟合曲线相关系数R2大于0.99）。故本文石墨包裹体的拉曼光谱利用Peakfit v4.12进行分峰拟合操作，分峰拟合效果如图6，利用数据计算出的变质峰期温度如表3所示。\"}},{\"id\":\"36435116f\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/b9f31c1dd7fb4f42a6738a15d2df08f3.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"6df981be3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图6 石墨包裹体拉曼光谱分峰\"}},{\"id\":\"45403d156\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 6 An example of the decomposition of the Raman spectra of graphite inclusions\"}},{\"id\":\"ed022bfd8\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"表3 石墨拉曼光谱的R1、R2以及计算出的温度数据\"}},{\"id\":\"af0b39279\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Table 3 The value of R1, R2 of graphite’s Raman spectra, and the calculated temperature\"}},{\"id\":\"7a1205e65\",\"type\":\"table\",\"data\":{\"headers\":[],\"rows\":[[\"\",\"Peakfitv4.12\"],[\"样品\",\"R1\",\"R2\",\"T/℃\"],[\"B1-1\",\"0.108\",\"0.097\",\"667.78\"],[\"B1-2\",\"0.036\",\"0.035\",\"711.56\"],[\"B1-3\",\"0.060\",\"0.057\",\"695.59\"],[\"B1-4\",\"0.060\",\"0.056\",\"696.16\"],[\"B1-5\",\"0.070\",\"0.066\",\"689.31\"],[\"B1-6\",\"0.131\",\"0.114\",\"655.84\"],[\"B1-7\",\"0.126\",\"0.111\",\"658.33\"],[\"B2-1\",\"0.028\",\"0.027\",\"717.41\"],[\"B2-2\",\"0.009\",\"0.009\",\"730.65\"],[\"B2-3\",\"0.055\",\"0.052\",\"699.06\"],[\"B2-4\",\"0.075\",\"0.069\",\"686.75\"],[\"B2-5\",\"0.016\",\"0.016\",\"725.54\"],[\"B3-1\",\"0.038\",\"0.036\",\"710.90\"],[\"B3-2\",\"0.044\",\"0.042\",\"706.56\"],[\"B3-3\",\"0.040\",\"0.038\",\"708.99\"],[\"B3-4\",\"0.081\",\"0.075\",\"682.87\"],[\"B3-5\",\"0.136\",\"0.120\",\"651.55\"],[\"B3-6\",\"0.038\",\"0.036\",\"710.41\"],[\"B3-7\",\"0.007\",\"0.007\",\"732.41\"],[\"B3-8\",\"0.237\",\"0.183\",\"613.71\"],[\"B3-9\",\"0.039\",\"0.037\",\"709.69\"],[\"B3-10\",\"0.089\",\"0.082\",\"678.11\"],[\"P1-1\",\"0.146\",\"0.125\",\"649.43\"],[\"P1-2\",\"0.252\",\"0.188\",\"612.22\"],[\"P2-3\",\"0.041\",\"0.040\",\"708.11\"],[\"P2-4\",\"0.124\",\"0.110\",\"658.34\"],[\"P2-5\",\"0.010\",\"0.010\",\"729.75\"],[\"P2-6\",\"0.038\",\"0.045\",\"701.86\"],[\"P2-7\",\"0.048\",\"0.046\",\"703.58\"],[\"P3-8\",\"0.080\",\"0.072\",\"685.58\"],[\"P4-1\",\"0.120\",\"0.105\",\"662.16\"],[\"P4-2\",\"0.094\",\"0.084\",\"676.76\"],[\"平均值\",\"\",\"\",\"688.34\"],[\"中位数\",\"\",\"\",\"695.87\"]]}},{\"id\":\"ff2eda8c3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"结果显示，Peakfit v4.12计算出阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨的岩石峰期变质温度的最大值732.41 ℃，最小值612.22 ℃，平均值为688.34 ℃，中位数为695.87 ℃，说明该产地蓝宝石的母岩岩石变质峰期温度都较高，均大于600 ℃。当温度大于600 ℃时，将表3中R1与温度T关系进行线性拟合，发现温度T与R1存在较强的二次相关，相关系数R2=0.9973，拟合出一元二次方程T=986.01R1²-748.17R1+736.95。该方程将前人中的二元二次方程降为一元二次方程，便于计算和分析。R1无限趋近于0，也就是D1峰很小近乎不存在时，变质峰期温度无限趋近于736.95 ℃。T=986.01R1²-748.17R1+736.95求导数得F′（R1）=2×986.01R1-748.17，令导数函数等于零，求得一元二次方程的拐点为R1=0.3794，此时的温度为595.02 ℃。即当R1小于0.3794，温度与R1成负相关；R1大于0.3794时，本次实验未收集到足够数据，此公式的实用性有待进一步研究。\"}},{\"id\":\"ffe2d505f\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石中石墨的结晶程度较高，大部分为结晶程度三级的石墨，少部分为结晶程度二级，未出现结晶程度一级。石墨包裹体所指示的结晶峰位温度较高，大于600 ℃，这与其结晶程度较高保持一致。变质峰期温度与R1在此温度范围内存在一元二次相关（T=986.01R1²-748.17R1+736.95）。D1峰强度无限趋近于0，变质峰期温度无限趋近于736.95 ℃。并求得温度与R1函数拐点为R1=0.3794，此时的温度为595.02 ℃。R1小于0.3794，温度与R1成负相关。\"}},{\"id\":\"6bab92a63\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/docx-import/7e57caa31e4d40d7ae747c3fd61afade.jpg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"27bf10bdc\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"图7 R1与变质温度之间的函数关系（T=986.01R1²-748.17R1+736.95）\"}},{\"id\":\"e7682bb18\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Fig. 7 The function between R1 and the metamorphism temperature (T=986.01R1²-748.17R1+736.95)\"}},{\"id\":\"0a3bd7eca\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"3 结论\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"1ef5990ce\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（1）阿扎德克什米尔的蓝色蓝宝石样品可含有轻微的紫色调，也可为浓郁纯正的蓝色。部分紫色蓝宝石样品的颜色明亮，晶体干净，部分带有雾状外观，具有较丰富的包裹体。两种颜色的蓝宝石样品均未见明显变色效应。\"}},{\"id\":\"4b9c8ebb6\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（2）阿扎德克什米尔蓝色和紫色蓝宝石的包裹体特征较相似，主要存在于拉长、被剥蚀的锆石中间的石墨、石墨-气液包裹体组合、蓝色-紫色相间色带、独立的石墨包裹体、独立的拉长剥蚀锆石包裹体以及生长纹等。紫色蓝宝石的包裹体还存在赤铁矿与水铝矿，蓝色蓝宝石还有较为厚重的气液包裹体以及平行的管。阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体特征与传统克什米尔蓝宝石的区别可提供产地鉴别的可能。\"}},{\"id\":\"66f610d26\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"（3）阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石中石墨的结晶程度较高，主要为结晶程度三级的石墨，少部分出现结晶程度二级，未出现结晶程度一级。石墨包裹体所指示阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石母岩岩石变质峰期温度较高，大于600℃。\"}},{\"id\":\"f8ae05e53\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"致谢：先感谢Celina珠宝提供的蓝宝石样品以及陈呈女士对实验的支持；再者感谢赵慧欣为本次论文拍摄的精美照片以及雷蓉、孙佳欣、王雅女士在论文写作过程中提供的帮助。\"}},{\"id\":\"bd81a89f5\",\"type\":\"heading\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"参考文献\",\"level\":2}},{\"id\":\"242b69cae\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［1］Atkinson D, Kothavala R Z. Kashmir sapphire[J]. Gems & Gemology, 1983, 19(2):64-76.\"}},{\"id\":\"913408707\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［2］Pardieu V, Thirangoon K, Lomthong P, et al. Sapphires reportedly from Batakundi/Basi area: A preliminary examination and a comparison with rubies and pink sapphires from other deposits in Central Asia[EB/OL]. [2022-08-14]. https://www.gia.edu/doc/batakundi_sapphire.pdf.\"}},{\"id\":\"8315b18e1\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［3］Kiefert L. Sapphires from some exotic sources: Azad Kashmir and New Zealand[C]//32nd International Gemmological Conference. Interlaken, Switzerland, 2011:97-99.\"}},{\"id\":\"abcfe42c7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［4］Peretti A, Peretti F. Identification of sapphires from Madagascar with inclusion features resembling those of sapphires from Kashmir (India)[EB/OL]. [2022-08-14]. https://www.gemresearch.ch/assets/documents/publication-articles/201705-kashmir-madagascar-grs-1.pdf.\"}},{\"id\":\"85baeca8d\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［5］Schwieger R. Diagnostic features and heat treatment of Kashmir sapphires[J]. Gems & Gemology, 1990, 26(4):267-280.\"}},{\"id\":\"89afd0ac3\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［6］Palke A C, Saeseaw S, Renfro N D, et al. Geographic origin determination of blue sapphire[J]. Gems & Gemology, 2019, 55(4):536-579.\"}},{\"id\":\"fa2618b7e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［7］Xu W X, Link K, Liu C Z, et al. Age determination of zircon inclusion in Kashmir sapphire with U-Pb dating[J]. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2020, 22(1):1-12.\"}},{\"id\":\"8d4de1b38\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［8］Xu W X, Krzemnicki M S. Raman spectroscopic investigation of zircon in gem-quality sapphire: Application in origin determination[J]. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2021, 52(5):1011-1021.\"}},{\"id\":\"ed0fda8e8\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［9］黄保有，张波，张进江，等. 碳质物拉曼光谱变质温度计及其在造山带热结构重建与演化中的应用[J]. 岩石学报，2020，36(2):526-540。\\nHuang B Y, Zhang B, Zhang J J, et al. Carbon material Raman spectroscopy metamorphic thermometer and its application in reconstruction and evolution of orogenic belt thermal structure[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2020, 36(2):526-540. (in Chinese)\"}},{\"id\":\"1e2170f34\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［10］张薇薇，王树浩. 碳/碳复合材料石墨化度显微拉曼光谱研究[C]//第十四届全国复合材料学术会议论文集. 2006:1248-1251。\\nZhang W W, Wang S H. Raman microspectroscopy study of C/C composites[C]//The 14th National Academic Conference on Composite Materials. 2006:1248-1251. (in Chinese)\"}},{\"id\":\"b273f4091\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［11］田野，田云涛. 石墨化碳质物质拉曼光谱温度计原理与应用[J]. 地球科学进展，2020，35(3):259-274。\\nTian Y, Tian Y T. 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Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2002, 20(9):859-871.\"}},{\"id\":\"71f5482fb\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"［15］Rahl J M, Anderson K M, Brandon M T, et al. Raman spectroscopic carbonaceous material thermometry of low-grade metamorphic rocks: Calibration and application to tectonic exhumation in Crete, Greece[J]. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 240(2):339-354.\"}}]}","最初，传统意义的克什米尔蓝宝石仅指产于“Jammu and Kashmir”的蓝宝石，但近期越来越多相邻的地区会被叫做“克什米尔”,特别是产自巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德克什米尔（Azad-Kashmir）地区的蓝宝石。但两个产地蓝宝石的价格有着较大的差异，故准确的鉴定两者产地有着非常重要的意义。采用激光拉曼光谱仪测试技术对阿扎德克什米尔蓝色和紫色蓝宝石样品的包裹体及相关谱学特征进行研究。结果表明，阿扎德...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bedb5ad6-59dc-4f92-bdcf-8e6556a5851e.jpg","2026-02-03T17:03:21","samuel","黄甜甜，郜玉杰，孙雪莹，韩琦.","宝石和宝石学杂志","2022-11-01T00:00:00","黄甜甜，郜玉杰，孙雪莹，韩琦. (2022) 阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体拉曼光谱研究. 宝石和宝石学杂志, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 101-108. ","2026-05-27T14:08:18",15,[318],{"id":106,"url":319,"title":320},"https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=3uoqIhG8C44YLTlOAiTRKibYlV5Vjs7iJTKGjg9uTdeTsOI_ra5_XZdVt68jX9HNRHN9p8bYWcVr7RvN6_rGQjAcLfNSoBM5&uniplatform=NZKPT","CNKI",[322],{"id":106,"url":323,"name":324},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/7cfc9954-1cf5-4d4a-b177-e38f30b5fcc5.pdf","2022_阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体拉曼光谱研究_黄甜甜_宝石和宝石学杂志.pdf",1780565724881]