[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":323},["ShallowReactive",2],{"header-nav-data":3,"related-papers-en":269,"paper-en-a-purple-sapphire-containing-interesting-inclusions-formation-insights":304},{"reports":4,"labs":108,"courses":226},[5,35,54,72,90],{"id":6,"slug":7,"name":8,"name_zh":9,"tagline":10,"tagline_zh":11,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":14,"created_at":15,"last_updated_at":16,"available_categories":17,"available_locations":21,"images":26},5,"guild-folio","GUILD FOLIO","高级报告","FOLIO Report is a professionally profound and uniquely insightful gemological document, meticulously bespoke for collector-grade jewelry and presented as a premium, book-bound masterpiece within an elegant gift box.","FOLIO 报告是一份具有专业深度和独特见解的宝石学报告，为收藏级珠宝精心定制，并以高级精装书卷的形式呈现在优雅的礼盒中。",null,true,70,"2026-02-06T11:31:22","2026-03-30T17:25:34",[18,19,20],"colored-stones","feicui","pearl",[22,23,24,25],"china-mainland","thailand","sri-lanka","hongkong",[27,31],{"id":28,"image_url":29,"image_type":30},10,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b85464b6-14f4-4346-8fe3-4fbb30faf542.png","transparent_clean_shot",{"id":32,"image_url":33,"image_type":34},16,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1aadc859-3c3f-43cc-80ac-318a4d52b457.jpg","atmospheric_contextual",{"id":36,"slug":37,"name":38,"name_zh":39,"tagline":40,"tagline_zh":41,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":43,"last_updated_at":44,"available_categories":45,"available_locations":46,"images":47},1,"standard-report","Standard Report","常规检测报告","Standard Report provides a versatile diagnostic framework for all colored gemstone varieties, delivering critical data on identification, treatment status, and color grading to establish a comprehensive profile for every specimen.","常规报告为彩色宝石品种提供了一个多功能的鉴定框架，提供关于鉴定、优化处理和颜色分级的关键数据，为每一颗标本建立全面的档案。",50,"2026-02-06T11:07:09","2026-03-30T17:18:27",[18,19],[23,24,25,22],[48,51],{"id":49,"image_url":50,"image_type":30},13,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/72303f7d-3498-4f8f-b084-dfdd23a8cb88.png",{"id":52,"image_url":53,"image_type":34},14,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b3bbc130-04c4-477f-81d9-512ba6491353.jpg",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"name_zh":58,"tagline":59,"tagline_zh":60,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":62,"last_updated_at":63,"available_categories":64,"available_locations":65,"images":66},3,"pearl-grading-report","Pearl Grading Report","珍珠分级鉴定报告","It offers a comprehensive gemological analysis for all pearl categories, featuring a structured four-part layout—Certificate Information, Pearl Information, Identification Details, and Key Conclusions—to cover every essential detail for buyers.","该报告为所有珍珠类别提供全面的宝石学分析，采用结构化的四部分布局——证书信息、珍珠信息、检测细节和关键结论——涵盖消费者关注的每一个核心细节。",30,"2026-02-06T11:25:33","2026-03-30T17:22:39",[20],[22],[67,69],{"id":6,"image_url":68,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6d3b2d1-cdd9-42dd-be4d-75ded1bfae09.jpg",{"id":70,"image_url":71,"image_type":30},6,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6c4c7330-51e8-4b2e-af46-f217e3a6e0e5.png",{"id":73,"slug":74,"name":75,"name_zh":76,"tagline":77,"tagline_zh":78,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":80,"last_updated_at":81,"available_categories":82,"available_locations":83,"images":84},2,"dossier-report","Dossier Report","Dossier报告","Dossier Report is a streamlined gemological document specifically engineered for colored stones under one carat, offering highly efficient identification, color grading, and origin determination across all gemstone varieties.","Dossier 报告是专为一克拉以下的彩色宝石设计的精简版宝石证书，为各类宝石提供高效的鉴定、颜色分级和产地鉴定服务。",25,"2026-02-06T11:22:28","2026-03-30T17:21:00",[18],[22,23,24,25],[85,87],{"id":55,"image_url":86,"image_type":34},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/77d5bd95-75cd-423d-aea9-0f276bee3e61.jpg",{"id":88,"image_url":89,"image_type":30},4,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bfca818a-3561-4679-8b22-e1da9bf98dd5.png",{"id":70,"slug":91,"name":92,"name_zh":93,"tagline":94,"tagline_zh":95,"category":12,"category_zh":12,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":97,"last_updated_at":98,"available_categories":99,"available_locations":100,"images":101},"prestige-report","Prestige Report","尊享报告","GUILD Prestige Report is a sophisticated gemological document tailored for high-end colored stones and pearls, offering a deep-dive analysis of a gemstone’s aesthetic dimensions and providing a unique, individualized evaluation for every specimen.","GUILD 尊享报告是为高端彩色宝石和珍珠量身定制的高级宝石报告，提供对宝石美学维度的深度分析，并为每一件标本提供独特的个体化评价。",20,"2026-02-06T11:33:19","2026-03-30T17:47:36",[18,19],[22,23,24,25],[102,105],{"id":103,"image_url":104,"image_type":34},11,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/10ac604a-d1c2-49f4-bafe-24ada49cfaa0.jpg",{"id":106,"image_url":107,"image_type":30},12,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3fd95c04-17fe-40e1-a57e-181f838d6211.png",[109,129,147,162,178,194,209],{"id":36,"lab_id":110,"name":111,"name_zh":112,"city":113,"city_zh":114,"country":115,"country_zh":116,"address":117,"address_zh":117,"phone":118,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":121,"city_image_url":122,"interior_images":123,"is_published":13,"sort_order":126,"created_at":127,"last_updated_at":128},"sri-lanka-laboratory","Sri Lanka Laboratory","斯里兰卡实验室","Beruwala","贝鲁瓦拉","Sri Lanka","斯里兰卡","3/4/5/6 Floor, Zam Gems Building, 44/1, Sheik Fassy Mawatha, China Fort, Beruwala, Sri Lanka","+0094 342214443","info@guildgemlab.com","","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbf95b5c-699a-4aa1-9e2e-37650d1df384.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/07415349-1198-4c45-b855-1c0baf069e4b.png",[124,125],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/1ecc8af1-f6b1-406d-9c56-f232e1606e3c.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0be76daf-5ca6-47ac-88e8-3e1405d5c35b.png",60,"2026-03-10T17:00:14","2026-03-17T16:57:14",{"id":70,"lab_id":130,"name":131,"name_zh":132,"city":133,"city_zh":134,"country":135,"country_zh":136,"address":137,"address_zh":138,"phone":139,"email":140,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":141,"city_image_url":142,"interior_images":143,"is_published":13,"sort_order":144,"created_at":145,"last_updated_at":146},"bangkok-laboratory","Bangkok Laboratory","曼谷实验室","Bangkok","曼谷","Thailand","泰国","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Si Lom Rd, Silom, Bang Rak, Bangkok, Thailand","Room No. B25BC, B1 floor, Jewelry Trade Center (JTC) Building, 919/1 Silom road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok, Thailand., 10500","+66 (0) 21265408","fangjuan@guildgemlab.com","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/92c49c5b-75c7-4adf-ae2b-fdf21b930dec.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/2b1c353d-5f67-42a3-814a-8337de6f70e1.jpg",[],35,"2026-03-10T17:14:49","2026-03-16T16:44:33",{"id":73,"lab_id":148,"name":149,"name_zh":150,"city":151,"city_zh":152,"country":153,"country_zh":154,"address":155,"address_zh":155,"phone":156,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":157,"city_image_url":158,"interior_images":159,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":160,"last_updated_at":161},"los-angeles-laboratory","Los Angeles Laboratory","洛杉矶实验室","Los Angeles","洛杉矶","United States","美国","550 South Hill Street, Suite 1188, Los Angeles, CA90013, USA","+1 2136240137","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ea476e65-bb43-4ce4-8189-133c794a861a.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6153020-c94c-4bcc-9df9-0fc39e5d9fd2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:01:22","2026-03-17T16:57:45",{"id":55,"lab_id":163,"name":164,"name_zh":165,"city":166,"city_zh":167,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":170,"address_zh":171,"phone":172,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":173,"city_image_url":174,"interior_images":175,"is_published":13,"sort_order":79,"created_at":176,"last_updated_at":177},"hong-kong-laboratory","Hong Kong Laboratory","香港实验室","Hong Kong","香港","China","中国","Flat 512B,Fu Hang Industrial Building, 1 Hok Yuen Street East, Hung Hom, Kowloon City District, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","香港九龙城区红磡鹤园东街1号富恒工业大厦512B室","+852 59751280","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/a8009f44-a00a-406c-9a76-b690abb00f16.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/e69f75d5-665f-4536-82ce-3590737f11d2.jpg",[],"2026-03-10T17:05:06","2026-03-19T09:42:21",{"id":88,"lab_id":179,"name":180,"name_zh":181,"city":182,"city_zh":183,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":184,"address_zh":185,"phone":186,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":187,"city_image_url":188,"interior_images":189,"is_published":13,"sort_order":191,"created_at":192,"last_updated_at":193},"shenzhen-laboratory","Shenzhen Laboratory","深圳实验室","Shenzhen","深圳","Room 3C08, Addcon Building, Shuibei 1st Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China","深圳市 罗湖区 翠竹街道 翠锦社区 翠竹路 2099号 爱得康大厦 三层 C08","+86 4008866175","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/bbe15c7b-ced1-41e2-bd1e-ce12300e662b.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d0f51c46-8cdf-4505-a1b5-e75ec1cdb561.jpg",[190],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/f215d30f-ea6c-4b5f-beb6-793cffbcf0ca.png",23,"2026-03-10T17:10:22","2026-03-17T17:29:01",{"id":6,"lab_id":195,"name":196,"name_zh":197,"city":198,"city_zh":199,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":200,"address_zh":201,"phone":202,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":203,"city_image_url":204,"interior_images":205,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":207,"last_updated_at":208},"zhuji-laboratory","Zhuji Laboratory","诸暨实验室","Zhuji","诸暨","Rooms B0419-B0421,  Building B04,  Phase 1 Market,  East China International Jewelry City,  Shanxiahu Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China","浙江省 绍兴市 诸暨市 山下湖镇 华东国际珠宝城一期市场 B04栋 B0419-B0421","+86 133 0231 0256","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/b6778c28-4699-4fce-82ad-4fea005d3404.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6bd5b54f-9299-4218-9e48-5fb50140a83d.jpg",[206],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ab2a559d-a0bb-4272-bed5-d9616e921a0d.png","2026-03-10T17:12:13","2026-03-20T15:25:06",{"id":210,"lab_id":211,"name":212,"name_zh":213,"city":214,"city_zh":215,"country":168,"country_zh":169,"address":216,"address_zh":217,"phone":218,"email":119,"working_hours":120,"working_hours_zh":120,"cover_image_url":219,"city_image_url":220,"interior_images":221,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":224,"last_updated_at":225},7,"guangzhou-laboratory","Guangzhou Laboratory","广州实验室","Guangzhou","广州","Room 4095, Blue Port International Jewelry Trade Center, No. 300 Kangwang Middle Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China","广州市 荔湾区 康王中路 蓝港（国际）珠宝交易中心 4楼 4095","+86 181 3828 3849","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/3f79c542-bf42-4dff-b1de-7d5281f42555.png","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/43c9bae4-82b4-4c55-a39f-20f96ff606be.jpg",[222,223],"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/c4d31919-3230-42a9-9fab-e00775bc93d2.jpg","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d69902ea-0d71-4d3c-bbfd-72bfe1f19057.jpg","2026-03-10T17:19:56","2026-03-20T17:41:24",[227,238,250,259],{"id":36,"slug":228,"level":229,"title":230,"title_en":231,"subtitle":232,"subtitle_en":233,"image_url":234,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":42,"created_at":236,"last_updated_at":237},"advanced-emerald-identification-and-evaluation","intermediate","祖母绿鉴定与评估课程","Emerald Identification and Evaluation","深入探索祖母绿的奥秘世界","Deep Dive into the Mystical World of Emeralds","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/k07Y_1761530161.jpg","6","2026-03-10T15:14:21","2026-03-30T11:07:34",{"id":239,"slug":240,"level":241,"title":242,"title_en":243,"subtitle":244,"subtitle_en":245,"image_url":246,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":210,"is_published":13,"sort_order":247,"created_at":248,"last_updated_at":249},9,"ruby-and-sapphire-identification-and-evaluation","advanced","红宝石与蓝宝石鉴定与评估课程","Ruby and Sapphire Identification and Evaluation","掌握刚玉宝石的鉴定精髓","Master the Essence of Corundum Gemstone Identification","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/6TEe_1761529854.jpg",40,"2026-03-10T15:19:30","2026-03-30T11:27:47",{"id":73,"slug":251,"level":241,"title":252,"title_en":253,"subtitle":254,"subtitle_en":255,"image_url":256,"duration":235,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":61,"created_at":257,"last_updated_at":258},"colored-stones-identification-and-evaluation","彩色宝石鉴定与评估课程","Colored Stones Identification and Evaluation","探索彩色宝石的璀璨世界","Explore the Brilliant World of Colored Gemstones","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/news/news-hero-header-image.jpg","2026-03-10T15:15:51","2026-03-30T11:29:55",{"id":210,"slug":260,"level":241,"title":261,"title_en":262,"subtitle":263,"subtitle_en":264,"image_url":265,"duration":266,"curriculum_count":70,"is_published":13,"sort_order":96,"created_at":267,"last_updated_at":268},"pearls-identification-and-evaluation","珍珠鉴定与评估课程","Pearls Identification and Evaluation","揭开珍珠的优雅密码","Unlock the Elegant Secrets of Pearls","https://strict-static.guildgemedu.com/gallery/VaLd_1761529495.jpg","4","2026-03-10T15:19:14","2026-03-30T11:31:40",[270,290],{"id":126,"slug":271,"content_type":272,"title":273,"title_en":273,"excerpt":274,"excerpt_en":274,"featured_image_url":275,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":277,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":278,"created_at":279,"authors":280,"venue":281,"paper_published_date":279,"citation":282,"paper_type":283,"external_links":284,"attachments":285},"sugar-nephrite-from-the-altun-mountains-xinjiang-china","papers","'Sugar' Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China","Nephrite has a long history and profound culturalsignificance in China, along with a vast consumer market. In July 2025, author YG conducted a field trip to nephrite mining areas in the Xinjiang Uygur...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/35494227-9275-4a4e-bb92-a7077e0b8631.jpg","center",false,"2026-03-20T16:04:57","2025-03-01T00:00:00","Gao Yujie, Huang Tiantian, Lu Qi.","The Journal of Gemmology","[58] Gao Yujie, Huang Tiantian, Lu Qi. ‘Sugar’ Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China. (2025) The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 611-613.","journal",[],[286],{"id":287,"url":288,"name":289},26,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/0c432edc-093b-4c46-b9fb-6fbe1caabf95.pdf","2025_‘Sugar’ Nephrite from the Altun Mountains, Xinjiang, China_Gao_JoG.pdf",{"id":291,"slug":292,"content_type":272,"title":293,"title_en":293,"excerpt":294,"excerpt_en":294,"featured_image_url":295,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":277,"is_published":13,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"published_at":296,"created_at":279,"authors":297,"venue":281,"paper_published_date":279,"citation":298,"paper_type":283,"external_links":299,"attachments":300},59,"a-pink-sapphire-with-questionable-heat-treatment","A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment","A pink sapphire weighing over 20 ct was recently submitted to Guild Gem Laboratories, and it presented a particularly challenging case for the determination of heat treatment. According to the client,...","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/256445b1-1fc3-4644-833f-970b36d61e1f.jpg","2026-03-20T16:03:47","Gao Yujie, Huang T.T, Andrew Christopher Lucas","Gao Yujie, Huang T.T, Andrew Christopher Lucas. (2025) A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 736-738.",[],[301],{"id":79,"url":302,"name":303},"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/ba39b48b-9ead-4403-a4ba-e85d0e9d62c4.pdf","2025_A Pink Sapphire with Questionable Heat Treatment_Gao_JoG.pdf",{"slug":305,"content_type_name":272,"is_zh_open":13,"is_en_open":13,"title":306,"content":307,"excerpt":308,"title_en":306,"content_en":307,"excerpt_en":308,"featured_image_url":309,"cover_position":276,"is_featured":13,"is_published":13,"published_at":310,"published_by_name":311,"authors":312,"venue":281,"paper_published_date":313,"citation":314,"paper_type":283,"last_updated_at":315,"last_updated_by_name":311,"id":316,"created_at":313,"is_deleted":277,"external_links":317,"attachments":318},"a-purple-sapphire-containing-interesting-inclusions-formation-insights","A Purple Sapphire Containing Interesting Inclusions: Formation Insights","{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"60qm6r3ao\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"A Purple Sapphire Containing Interesting Inclusions: Formation Insights\"}},{\"id\":\"6n91af7t2\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/d66a68de-5561-474e-98bd-ef4a2f8869d7.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"zut00kw3m\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 40: (a) A 3.56 ct purple sapphire was examined for this report. (b) It exhibits strong red fluorescence to long-wave UV radiation, except for inert areas corresponding to inclusions. (c) A large eye-visible inclusion under the table shows high density in this X-ray image. Photos (a, b) by Fei Hu and X-ray image (c) by Ziyun Zhang.\"}},{\"id\":\"ka66d3dol\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Recently, the authors examined a cushion-shaped purple sapphire weighing 3.56 ct (Figure 40a). The RIs were 1.762–1.770, yielding a birefringence of 0.008, consistent with sapphire. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed its identification as corundum. The stone displayed strong red fluorescence to long-wave (365 nm) UV radiation (Figure 40b). Chemical analysis by EDXRF spectroscopy revealed appreciable Cr (about 720 ppm) and Fe (approximately 1,200 ppm), along with some Ti (around 230 ppm).\"}},{\"id\":\"tc0knt1i9\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Microscopic examination revealed a diverse array of inclusions, which were identified by Raman spectroscopy as zircon, rutile, mica, graphite and amorphous carbon (e.g. Figure 41). Notably, none of these inclusions showed evidence of thermal alteration, indicating that the sapphire had not been subjected to high-temperature heat treatment.\"}},{\"id\":\"v1nbiyrcn\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/939aa3b5-0ab3-4f4d-9195-507ea2770513.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"yidfsb2yg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 41: The sapphire contains a diverse array of inclusions, including (a) graphite and (b) mica, as well as zircon, rutile and amorphous carbon (not shown here). Photomicrographs by Fei Hu; image widths (a) 1.3 mm and (b) 1.4 mm.\"}},{\"id\":\"szxq00vp0\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"A noticeable feature of this sapphire was a large eye-visible inclusion located just under the table, which was even more obvious under UV radiation due to its inert behaviour in contrast to the sapphire host (again, see Figure 40b). Initially thought to be a large negative crystal, further analysis using a Seamark X6600 Offline X-ray Inspection Machine indicated that the inclusion had a high density, as evidenced by its bright appearance in Figure 40c. This characteristic is consistent with inclusions such as zircon and rutile.\"}},{\"id\":\"4l70ppesz\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"The most striking inclusion, however, was a relatively large, metallic-appearing crystal with well-developed morphology (Figure 42), setting it apart from the other inclusions. Raman spectroscopy could not provide a conclusive identification, possibly due to its depth within the host sapphire or strong scattering of the laser from its metallic-appearing surface. Closer examination revealed some additional mineral inclusions on its surface. One black spot was identified by Raman spectroscopy as amorphous carbon, and a white grain—most likely a carbonate—was visible nearby. In addition, a small, narrow, lower-lustre area on one side of the crystal yielded sharp Raman peaks at 164, 201, 235, 265, 330, 360, 463 and 685 cm-1, consistent with pyrophanite in the RRUFF database (Figure 43).\"}},{\"id\":\"1908e5fiz\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/88974e3d-1585-4e80-839b-2cbbf8a1432d.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"kddaudyqg\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 42: The sapphire also contains a prominent metallic-appearing inclusion with well-developed morphology, accompanied by additional minerals on its surface, including amorphous carbon, a white grain that is likely a carbonate, and pyrophanite. Photomicrograph by Fei Hu; image width 2.3 mm.\"}},{\"id\":\"i4aonuuwo\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/acb42af0-ca9b-44a0-a404-c02df6302838.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"\",\"width\":\"100%\"}},{\"id\":\"omes522jo\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Figure 43: The Raman spectrum of a tiny narrow area on the metallic-appearing inclusion identified it as pyrophanite. Reference spectra for pyrophanite and ilmenite from the RRUFF database are shown for comparison. Peaks in the inclusion spectrum that are marked with an asterisk are from the host sapphire. Photomicrograph by Ziyun Zhang; image width 0.85 mm.\"}},{\"id\":\"3lvyst6qy\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Pyrophanite is a rare manganese titanium oxide with the chemical formula MnTiO3 that forms a solid-solution with ilmenite (FeTiO3). It crystallises in the trigonal system and typically appears as reddish brown to dark red crystals. Pyrophanite forms in high-temperature metamorphic and hydrothermal environments, often coexisting with minerals such as ilmenite and garnet (Anthony et al. 2023). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second documented occurrence—after Baldwin et al. (2017)—of pyrophanite as an inclusion in sapphire.\"}},{\"id\":\"mj9905n9h\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"Geothermometry based on the Raman spectrum of a graphite inclusion in the sapphire suggests a formation temperature of around 850 ºC (cf. Huang et al. 2022), indicative of a relatively high-temperature environment. Furthermore, the sample exhibited a significant amount of Ti. These findings collectively suggest that this sapphire formed under reducing conditions in the presence of Ti, and at high temperature. The inclusions in this sapphire provide useful insights into the geochemical and environmental conditions governing its formation.\"}}]}","Recently, the authors examined a cushion-shaped purple sapphire weighing 3.56 ct (Figure 40a). The RIs were 1.762–1.770, yielding a birefringence of 0.008, consistent with sapphire. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed its identification as corundum. The stone displayed strong red fluorescence to long-wave (365 nm) UV radiation (Figure 40b). Chemical analysis by EDXRF spectroscopy revealed appreciable Cr (about 720 ppm) and Fe (approximately 1,200 ppm), along with some Ti (around 230 ppm).","https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/67a64e5a-6cbf-47e1-869b-7d057545ab40.jpg","2026-03-20T16:37:49","samuel","Gao Yujie, Zhang Ziyun","2025-02-01T00:00:00","Gao Yujie, Zhang Ziyun. (2025) A Purple Sapphire Containing Interesting Inclusions: Formation Insights. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 433-435.","2026-06-23T10:35:32",68,[],[319],{"id":320,"url":321,"name":322},34,"https://project-static.guildgemedu.com/project/6f3789ae-d9a6-4793-95ca-10a73e589d62.pdf","2025_A Purple Sapphire Containing Interesting Inclusions_Gao_JoG.pdf",1784601773102]